Need for international business concepts in the curriculum

With the continued increase in international business, business education has an obligation to reflect this trend. There are two methods for incorporating international business concepts into the curriculum: infusion and creation. Ideally, this obligation would be completed with a standalone course in international business. However, it can also be accomplished through incorporating international business concepts into current curriculum. Business programs need to include international aspects into the curriculum to help the students understand the economy in which they live

EFFECTS OF SEX, ENVIRONMENT, AND CONDITION ON THE MUSKING BEHAVIOR OF SYMPATRIC GARTERSNAKES (THAMNOPHIS SPP.)

Despite an abundance of studies documenting antipredator and defensive behaviors of gartersnakes (genus Thamnophis), few have quantitatively examined musking, a widely utilized antipredator tactic. In this study we quantify musking behaviors in the Terrestrial Gartersnake (Thamnophis elegans) and the Plains Gartersnake (T. radix) when hand-captured at four sites in and near Denver, Colorado, USA. Overall, Plains Gartersnakes musked significantly more often than Terrestrial Gartersnakes. Female Terrestrial Gartersnakes musked more frequently than males, a pattern not evident in the Plains Gartersnake. Additionally, we observed a positive correlation in body condition and musking propensity in Terrestrial Gartersnakes, suggesting resource-dependent behavior in this species. Musking behavior was consistent across variations in predation pressure, environmental conditions, and snake body size, all factors shown to influence other gartersnake defensive behaviors. These results corroborate other research which demonstrates that snake antipredator behaviors are determined by complex interactions of abiotic and biotic factors

Principal Construction of Normative Frameworks: Improving Schooling for Students

Unless leadership candidates develop different normative frameworks on which they can ground their decisions, how can we expect schools to be different

Hypothalamic Vitamin D Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Reduces Weight

Despite clear associations between vitamin D deficiency and obesity and/or type 2 diabetes, a causal relationship is not established. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are found within multiple tissues, including the brain. Given the importance of the brain in controlling both glucose levels and body weight, we hypothesized that activation of central VDR links vitamin D to the regulation of glucose and energy homeostasis. Indeed, we found that small doses of active vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) (calcitriol), into the third ventricle of the brain improved glucose tolerance and markedly increased hepatic insulin sensitivity, an effect that is dependent upon VDR within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, chronic central administration of 1,25D3 dramatically decreased body weight by lowering food intake in obese rodents. Our data indicate that 1,25D3-mediated changes in food intake occur through action within the arcuate nucleus. We found that VDR colocalized with and activated key appetite-regulating neurons in the arcuate, namely proopiomelanocortin neurons. Together, these findings define a novel pathway for vitamin D regulation of metabolism with unique and divergent roles for central nervous system VDR signaling. Specifically, our data suggest that vitamin D regulates glucose homeostasis via the paraventricular nuclei and energy homeostasis via the arcuate nuclei

What Drives Student Engagement: Is it Learning Space, Instructor Behavior or Teaching Philosophy?

This study investigates how instructor teaching philosophy (traditional vs. constructivist) and type of learning space (traditional vs. active) influences instructor perceptions of student engagement. In a quasi-experimental study, we found that instructors perceived that students were more engaged in the ALC than the traditional classroom. In addition, we found that instructors with a more constructivist philosophy perceived that students were more engaged. On closer analysis, however, the difference in perceived student engagement was only significant between more versus less constructivist philosophy when in the ALC. Finally, we found that the relationship between teaching philosophy and student engagement in the ALC was mediated by instructor behavior

Anomalous Pacific‐Antarctic Ridge volcanism precedes glacial Termination 2

We present results from a well‐dated sediment core on the Pacific‐Antarctic Ridge (PAR) that document a ∼15 cm thick layer of basaltic ash shards that precedes the penultimate deglaciation (Termination 2). The glasses have MORB composition consistent with an axial source and their morphologies are typical of pyroclastic deposits created by submarine volcanism. The ash layer was deposited ∼7 km from the PAR axis, a distance that implies buoyant plumes lofted debris high into the water column with subsequent fallout to the core location. We infer plume rise height using grain settling velocities, the water depth at the core site, and deep ocean current speeds from ARGO floats. Rise heights of 1.5 km or less require unrealistically large current speeds to transport grains to the core site. Instead, the data are consistent with a plume rise height of at least 2 km, implying that T2 was an interval of anomalous volcanism along this segment of the PAR. The timing and duration of the ash deposit is consistent with glacial‐interglacial modulation of ridge magmatism. Volcaniclastic records from additional locations will be necessary to assess whether the PAR record is a rare find or it is representative of mid‐ocean ridge volcanism during glacial terminations

Anomalies and Wess-Zumino Terms in an Extended, Regularized Field-Antifield Formalism

Quantization of anomalous gauge theories with closed, irreducible gauge algebra within the extended Field-Antifield formalism is further pursued. Using a Pauli-Villars (PV) regularization of the generating functional at one loop level, an alternative form for the anomaly is found which involves only the regulator. The analysis of this expression allows to conclude that recently found ghost number one cocycles with nontrivial antifield dependence can not appear in PV regularization. Afterwards, the extended Field-Antifield formalism is further completed by incorporating quantum effects of the extra variables, i.e., by explicitly taking into account the regularization of the extra sector. In this context, invariant PV regulators are constructed from non-invariant ones, leading to an alternative interpretation of the Wess-Zumino action as the local counterterm relating invariant and non-invariant regularizations. Finally, application of the above ideas to the bosonic string reproduces the well-known Liouville action and the shift $(26-D)\rightarrow(25-D)$ at one loop.Comment: 30 pages, Latex file, KUL-TF-93/50, UB-ECM-PF 93/14, UTTG-16-93. (shortened version, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B