Creative idea forecasting: The effect of task exposure on idea evaluation

History is replete with cases in which people have failed to recognize creative ideas generated by others. In various settings, people are responsible for evaluating ideas generated by others while not being involved in the idea generation process, and thus not exposed to the task. However, little is known on how this lack of task exposure affects creative forecasting. This study therefore examines the effect of task exposure on creative idea evaluation using 1864 German students who evaluated ideas on their creativity, originality and feasibility. Their ratings were compared to ratings by content and creativity experts. The students were randomly assigned to 1 of the following conditions: task exposure (i.e., they had to generate and evaluate ideas for the same task) or no task exposure (i.e., they had to generate ideas for a different task than the idea evaluation task). The results show that task exposure improves students’ ability to accurately recognize creative and original ideas, and their ability to discriminate between highly feasible and unfeasible ideas. As such, these findings suggest that task exposure is beneficial to creative idea forecasting. Together, the results highlight the importance of carefully reconsidering whether people should be exposed to a task before evaluating others’ ideas

Attraktivität der beruflichen Bildung bei Studierenden: Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Erhebung

Wie bewerten Studierende als potenzielle Zielgruppe der beruflichen Bildung das Image des deutschen Berufsbildungssystems? Wie attraktiv sind betriebliche Aus- und Weiterbildungsangebote für die individuellen Bildungsbiografien der Studierenden? Diesen und weiteren Fragen wurde im Rahmen einer repräsentativen Studie, die 2015 vom Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) in Kooperation mit der Maastricht University durchgeführt wurde, empirisch nachgegangen. Das Diskussionspapier bündelt die Ergebnisse dieser Studie und fokussiert dabei auf Image und Attraktivität betrieblicher Bildungsangebote sowie weitere Aspekte wie Informationsverhalten, Studienzufriedenheit und Einfluss von Eltern und Peers auf das postschulische Bildungswahlverhalten. (Autorenreferat, BIBB-Doku)How do students, a potential target group, view the image of the vocational education sys-tem in Germany? What is the attractiveness of company-based vocational (continuing) train-ing with respect to the educational biographies of the students? Such questions have been empirically answered within the scope of a representative study that has been conducted in 2015 as a cooperation between the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) and Maastricht University. This discussion paper summarizes the results of the study and focuses on the image and the attractiveness of vocational training the information seeking behavior, the satisfaction with the course of studies and the impact of parents and peers on educational decision after high-school. (Authors' abstract, BIBB-Doku

Efficacy of Retreatment After Failed Direct-acting Antiviral Therapy in Patients With HCV Genotype 1-3 Infections

Hepatitis C virus infection is causing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. By combining direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), high sustained virologic response rates (SVRs) can be achieved. Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) are commonly observed after DAA failure, and especially nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) RASs may impact retreatment options.$^{1-3}$ Data on retreatment of DAA failure patients using first-generation DAAs are limited.$^{4-7}$ Recently, a second-generation protease- and NS5A-inhibitor plus sofosbuvir (voxilaprevir/velpatasvir/sofosbuvir [VOX/VEL/SOF]) was approved for retreatment after DAA failure.$^{8}$ However, this and other second-generation regimens are not available in many resource-limited countries or are not reimbursed by regular insurance, and recommendations regarding the selection of retreatment regimens using first-generation DAAs are very important. This study aimed to analyze patients who were re-treated with first-generation DAAs after failure of a DAA combination therapy

A phase II randomised study of preoperative trastuzumab alone or combined with everolimus in patients with early HER2-positive breast cancer and predictive biomarkers (RADHER trial)

International audienceIntroduction: Resistance to trastuzumab in breast cancer is an ongoing challenge. Clinical and biological effects of co-targeting HER2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in patients with HER2-positive early operable breast cancer via the addition of everolimus to preoperative trastuzumab were evaluated in a phase II randomised study.Methods: Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive trastuzumab (4 mg/kg initial dose then 2 mg/kg weekly for 5 weeks) alone or combined with everolimus (10 mg/day for 6 weeks) and then underwent surgery. Tumours were assessed by clinical examination and echography at the baseline and on treatment. The primary end-point was the clinical response rate at 6 weeks. Pathological response and safety were also evaluated. Baseline and surgery tumour samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunoanalysis for predictive downstream effectors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAP kinase (MAPK) pathways.Results: Eighty-two patients were enrolled, 41 per arm. The clinical response rates were 34.1% and 43.9% with trastuzumab alone and combined with everolimus, respectively. Pathological response rates were 43.6% and 47.5%, respectively. Addition of everolimus increased toxicity, notably mucositis (82.5% versus 5.0%) and rash (57.5% versus 10.0%), but grade III/IV events were rare. No correlation between response to treatments and baseline candidate biomarkers was identified, except for PIK3CA mutations which were found to predict trastuzumab resistance. Significant changes were seen in several MAPK pathway effectors after combination therapy.Conclusions: The addition of everolimus did not improve the efficacy, but induced MAPK signalling. Combination therapy to overcome pathway cross-talk should be considered to maximise the effectiveness of trastuzumab in this setting

Cholesterol crystals at the culprit lesion in patients with acute coronary syndrome are associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes at two years follow up - results from the translational OPTICO-ACS study program

BACKGROUND Cholesterol crystals (CCs) represent a feature of advanced atherosclerotic plaque and may be assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Their impact on cardiovascular outcomes in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is yet unknown. METHODS The culprit lesion (CL) of 346 ACS-patients undergoing preintervention OCT imaging were screened for the presence of CCs and divided into two groups accordingly. The primary end-point was the rate of major adverse cardiac events plus (MACE+) consisting of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization and re-hospitalization due to unstable or progressive angina at two years. RESULTS Among 346 patients, 57.2% presented with CCs at the CL. Patients with CCs exhibited a higher prevalence of ruptured fibrous caps (RFC-ACS) (79.8% vs. 56.8%; p < 0.001) and other high-risk features such as thin cap fibroatheroma (80.8% vs. 64.9%; p = 0.001), presence of macrophages (99.0% vs. 85.1%; p < 0.001) as well as a greater maximum lipid arc (294.0° vs. 259.3°; p < 0.001) at the CL as compared to patients without CCs. MACE+ at two years follow-up occurred more often in CC-patients (29.2% vs. 16.1%; p = 0.006) as compared to patients without CCs at the culprit site. Multivariable cox regression analysis identified CCs as independent predictor of MACE+ (HR 1.705; 1.025-2.838 CI, p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS CCs were associated with conventional high-risk plaque features and associated with increased MACE+-rates at two years follow up. The identification of CCs might be useful as prognostic marker in patients with ACS and assist "precision prevention" in the future