Ana's Friends. Friendship in Online Pro-Ana Communities

The objective of this article is to analyse the social relationships within online communities of anorectics, their bonds, their emotions and friendships, and their subsequent relation to anorexia nervosa. The research has focused on their blogs and their forums, which create a space in which they share their experiences, and sometimes encourage each other not to give up on their eating disorder – which they view as an illness, but an illness that has become their lifestyle, and their attitude towards life. Within the article an analysis of the special bonds of friendship that tie the members of the online community together will be presented. Special attention will be paid to the similarities between secret societies and friendship bonds within pro-ana communities.Friendship, Secret, Emotions, Internet, Anorexia, Pro-Anorexia

Creatividad, interactividad y estructuras ocultas de poder: una reflexión sobre la historia de la realidad actual del museo a través de la mirada de Foucault

Aquest article reflexiona sobre el museu com a dispositiu i els avenços que s’han produït en aquest àmbit. Argumentant per què el museu s’ha de considerar d’aquesta manera, s’examinen els avenços del museu modern com a dispositiu, des del seu auge al segle xix fins al format digital actual. Mitjançant la reflexió històrica crítica, veiem com han canviat les estructures de poder que actuen dins del museu. Aquest article analitza com es teixeixen les relacions de poder al museu i com generen formes tant de llibertat com de regulació, segons el context historicosocial en què s’insereix. L’obertura, la inclusió i la participació apareixen com a conceptes clau que faciliten una millor comprensió de les estructures de poder dins del museu digital contemporani. Aquests conceptes clau ajudaran a explicar per què i de quina manera el museu com a dispositiu es connecta i es relaciona amb la societat actual. S’examinen els perills que això implica partint de tres dimensions clau que apareixen en els museus: el museu com a espai d’experiència, com a efecte individual i extracció de dades, i com a lloc per a la producció creativa i l’autoexplotació. En conclusió, l’objectiu d’aquest article no és solament destacar els aspectes més importants i crítics del museu contemporani, sinó també proposar suggeriments per a millores futures.This article reflects on the developments of and concerning the museum as a dispositive. It argues why the museum must be considered a dispositive. Then it follows the developments of the modern museum as a dispositive from its rise in the 19th century towards its current digital form. A critical historical reflection shows how structures of power, working within the museum, have changed. This article presents how relations of power in the museum are being woven, and how they produce respectively forms of freedom and regulation, according to the socio-historical context of which the museum is a part. Openness, inclusion and participation appear as key concepts that facilitate a better understanding of the structures of power within the late modern digital museum. These key concepts will help explain why and how the museum as a dispositive connects and relates with late modern society. Corresponding dangers will be pointed out along 3 key dimensions that can be found in the museum – the museum as place of experience, the museum as place of individual effect and data extraction, and the museum as place of creative production and self-exploitation. As a conclusion, the article wants not only to point at important and critical aspects of the late modern museum, but also to provide suggestions for improvements in the future.Este artículo reflexiona sobre el museo como dispositivo y los avances que se han producido en este ámbito. Argumentando por qué el museo debe considerarse de este modo, se examinan los avances del museo moderno como dispositivo, desde su auge en el siglo xix hasta su actual formato digital. Mediante la reflexión histórica crítica, vemos cómo han cambiado las estructuras de poder que actúan dentro del museo. Este artículo analiza cómo se tejen las relaciones de poder en el museo y cómo generan formas tanto de libertad como de regulación, según el contexto historicosocial en el que se insiere. La apertura, la inclusión y la participación aparecen como conceptos clave que facilitan una mejor comprensión de las estructuras de poder dentro del museo digital contemporáneo. Estos conceptos clave ayudarán a explicar por qué y cómo el museo como dispositivo se conecta y se relaciona con la sociedad actual. Se examinan los peligros que ello supone partiendo de tres dimensiones clave que aparecen en los museos: el museo como espacio de experiencia, como espacio de efecto individual y extracción de datos, y como lugar para la producción creativa y la autoexplotación. En conclusión, el objetivo de este artículo no es solo destacar los aspectos más importantes y críticos del museo contemporáneo, sino también proponer sugerencias para futuras mejoras

Is Classroom Boredom Hidden Guilt? A Comparison between Teaching Aboriginal History in Australia and Post-Holocaust History in Germany

History contributes in an essential way to the formation of a nation’s self-perception and identity and the education system is a key mechanism by which this knowledge is dispersed. It is therefore of great concern that students in both Australia and Germany consistently report being bored when learning of their respective nation’s fraught history. This essay analyses the shortcomings of Australia’s Indigenous history education in comparison with Germany’s Holocaust education, examining via psychoanalytic theory how the phenomenon of boredom often acts to suppress difficult feelings such as guilt. KeywordsAboriginal history; genocide studies; history war

A PHENOMENOLOGICAL MULTIPLE CASE STUDY OF SCHOOL DISTRICT LEADERS SUPERVISING ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNER / MULTILINGUAL SERVICES ON LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK

This study was an inquiry into the ways in which the lived experiences of school district leaders (SDLs) of English language learner/multilingual learner (ELL/ML) services informed their leadership approaches, challenges, successes, and impact. The methodology involved collecting artifacts and Seidman’s (2019) Three Series Interview protocol with member checking. The three participants of this study were SDLs of ELL/ML services from a specific region of New York State (i.e., Long Island). The purpose of this study was to understand the essence of the meanings derived from participants’ comprehensive descriptions. I provided structural and textural reports and a synthesis of the universal nature of participants’ shared experiences, which the author described as the essence. As the researcher, I designed a conceptual framework guided by: (a) advocacy, (b) best instructional practices, (c) best leadership practices, and (d) compliance and summarized data accordingly. This study also expanded understanding of culturally responsive leadership paradigms and how they disrupt past and current educational leadership in helping or hindering ELL/ML services. Federal and state efforts to support student achievement have shifted educational regulations. The roles and responsibilities of SDLs of ELL/ML services are complex. They are stewards of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) and the New York State Education Commissioner Regulations (CR) Part 154 2 of their school districts. These specific educational leaders have developed a range of strategies that enabled them to navigate the multidimensional aspects of their background as it correlated with the past, present, and future culture of their school district, and the education system at large. Furthermore, this study explored these experts’ predictions and plans for the future of ELL/ML services. This inquiry’s findings can significantly contribute to the educational leadership literature on a spectrum that begins with directly narrowing the ELL/ML achievement gap to tangentially enlightening society

Effect of sonic hedgehog/β-TCP composites on bone healing within the critical-sized rat femoral defect

The creation of entirely synthetically derived bone substitute materials which are as effective as autologous bone grafts is desirable. Osteogenesis involves the concerted action of several proteins within a signaling cascade. Hedgehog proteins act upstream of this cascade, inducing the expression of various bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and promoting physiological bone healing. Therefore, the hypothesis that hedgehog signaling in bone defects improves bone healing more than BMP signaling alone was tested. Recombinant N-terminal sonic hedgehog protein (N-SHh), BMP-2 or a combination of the two was added to β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and 5-mm femoral midshaft defects in nude rats were filled with these composites. The defects were stabilized with mini-plates. After eight weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the femora were explanted. The radiological evaluation was followed by a three-point bending test and histological examination. BMP-2/β-TCP composites showed a trend of increased stiffness compared with the controls (β-TCP without protein). N-SHh/β-TCP composites had lower stiffness compared with the control group and the N-SHh/BMP-2/β-TCP composites also had lower average stiffness compared with the controls (all not significant). Histomorphometry, however, revealed abundant cartilage and bone core formation in the N-SHh-composite groups. The sum of the new cartilage and bone was highest in the combination group N-SHh/BMP-2 (not significant). The addition of N-SHh to bone substitute materials appears to delay bone healing at the applied concentration and observation time but also showed a trend for higher amounts of ossifying cartilage