Initiation Sequence of E‐Cigarette and Cigarette Smoking among US Adolescents: A National Study

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149688/1/ajad12886_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149688/2/ajad12886.pd

Race/ethnicity and gender differences in drug use and abuse among college students

This study examines race/ethnicity and gender differences in drug use and abuse for substances other than alcohol among undergraduate college students. A probability-based sample of 4,580 undergraduate students at a Midwestern research university completed a cross-sectional Web-based questionnaire that included demographic information and several substance use measures. Male students were generally more likely to report drug use and abuse than female students. Hispanic and White students were more likely to report drug use and abuse than Asian and African American students prior to coming to college and during college. The findings of the present study reveal several important racial/ethnic differences in drug use and abuse that need to be considered when developing collegiate drug prevention and intervention efforts.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2377408/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2377408/Accepted manuscrip

Healthcare avoidance due to anticipated discrimination among transgender people: A call to create trans-affirmative environments

Transgender people encounter interpersonal and structural barriers to healthcare access that contribute to their postponement or avoidance of healthcare, which can lead to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Using the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, this study examined avoidance of healthcare due to anticipated discrimination among transgender adults aged 25 to 64 (N ¼ 19,157). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to test whether gender identity/expression, socio-demographic, and transgender-specific factors were associated with healthcare avoidance. Almost one-quarter of the sample (22.8%) avoided healthcare due to anticipated discrimination. Transgender men had increased odds of healthcare avoidance (AOR ¼ 1.32, 95% CI ¼ 1.21–1.45) relative to transgender women. Living in poverty (AOR ¼ 1.52, 95% CI ¼ 1.40–1.65) and visual non-conformity (AOR ¼ 1.48, 95% CI ¼ 1.33–1.66) were significant risk factors. Having health insurance (AOR ¼ 0.87, 95% CI ¼ 0.79–0.96) and disclosure of transgender identity (AOR ¼ 0.77, 95% CI ¼ 0.68–0.87) were protective against healthcare avoidance. A significant interaction of gender identity/expression with health insurance was found; having health insurance moderated the association between gender identity/expression and healthcare avoidance. Providers should consider gender differences, socio-demographic, and transgender-specific factors to improve accessibility of services to transgender communities. A multi-level and multifaceted approach should be used to create safe, trans-affirmative environments in health systems

Functional and structural social support, substance use and sexual orientation from a nationally representative sample of US adults

Background and AimsSexual minority (SM) populations experience higher rates of substance use disorder (SUD) associated with increased sexual orientation‐related stress. Social support may moderate the impact of stress on SUD among SM adults. This study assessed associations between social support and DSM‐5 SUD by sex and sexual minority identity.DesignCross‐sectional study using data from the 2012–13 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC‐III).Setting and participantsA nationally representative cross‐sectional sample of adults (n = 36 309) in the United States.MeasurementsSUD were defined based on the DSM‐5 criteria for alcohol use (AUD), tobacco use (TUD) and drug use (DUD) disorders. Structural social support was measured as the type and frequency of kin and non‐kin contact, and functional social support was measured by the Social Provision Scale.FindingsSM adults had higher odds of all SUD compared to heterosexual adults [AUD = 1.535, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.782–1.844; TUD = 1.512, 95% CI = 1.234–1.854; DUD = 1.520, 95% CI = 1.139–2.028]; SM women experienced the highest proportion of all SUD (AUD = 27.1%, TUD = 29.1%, DUD = 10.9%). Type of social support was differentially associated with SUD by sex and sexual identity status. Higher social provision was associated with lower rates of AUD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.771, 95% CI = 0.705–0.844], TUD (aOR = 0.747, 95% CI = 0.694–0.804] and DUD (aOR = 0.558, 95% CI = 0.490–0.636). Marriage was associated with lower SUD among heterosexual men (AUD, aOR = 0.500, 95% CI = 0.432–0.579; TUD, aOR = 0.603, 95% CI = 0.521–0.699; DUD, aOR = 0.504, 95% CI = 0.369–0.689) and women (AUD, aOR = 0.637, 95% CI = 0.529–0.767; TUD = 0.0.584, 95% CI = 0.507–0.671; DUD, aOR = 0.515, 95% CI = 0.372–0.712). Compared to heterosexual adults, SM women with at least one child under the age of 18 years had higher odds of TUD (aOR = 1.990, 95% CI = 1.325–2.988). SM‐related discrimination was not associated with SUD among some SM subgroups, but discrimination among male heterosexually identifying individuals reporting same‐sex attraction or behavior was associated AUD (aOR = 4.608, 95% CI = 1.615–13.14).ConclusionsIn the United States there are significant associations between functional support (quality or provision of support) and structural support (type and frequency of social networks) and substance use disorder (SUD) which differ by sex and sexual identity status.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154284/1/add14819.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154284/2/add14819_am.pd

Illicit Methylphenidate Use in an Undergraduate Student Sample: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90236/1/phco.23.5.609.32210.pd

Sports involvement, injury history, and non‐medical use of prescription opioids among college students: An analysis with a national sample

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141733/1/ajad12657.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141733/2/ajad12657_am.pd

A Modified Version of the CAGE as an Indicator of Alcohol Abuse and Its Consequences Among Undergraduate Drinkers

In March of 1999, we conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey using a random sample of 2041 undergraduate students attending a large, public university in the Midwest. The sample was recruited via e-mail and students completed the Web survey from their computer terminals. Toward the goal of establishing the usefulness of the CAGE when screening undergraduates for alcohol misuse, we first examined the proportion of undergraduates with a positive score on a modified version of the CAGE and then determined the correlates of a positive CAGE score (e.g. alcohol consumption, fear of addiction, etc.). We found preliminary evidence that the question “Have you been afraid you might be alcoholic” may be the best identifier, when compared to the modified CAGE, of at-risk students.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45671/1/11226_2004_Article_473908.pd

Illicit Use of Specific Prescription Stimulants Among College Students: Prevalence, Motives, and Routes of Administration

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90069/1/phco.26.10.1501.pd

Subtypes of adolescent sedative/anxiolytic misusers: A latent profile analysis

Few empirically-based taxonomies of nonmedical prescription drug misusers have been published. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify classes of adolescent sedative/anxiolytic misusers

Sexual Identity and Substance Use Among Undergraduate Students

This study examined the association between sexual identity and use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) among college undergraduate students. A survey regarding AOD use was administered to a random sample of 3607 undergraduate students. The sample included 65 self-identified lesbian or bisexual (LB) women and 54 self-identified gay or bisexual (GB) men. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that while alcohol use did not differ for LB and heterosexual women, LB women were significantly more likely to experience certain AOD-related consequences, smoke cigarettes, and use marijuana, ecstasy, and other drugs. GB men were significantly less likely than heterosexual men to drink heavily but were more likely to use some drugs. These findings provide evidence that sexual identity is an important predictor of AOD use among undergraduate students. These findings support the need for continued research and intervention efforts that target LGB collegians.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45670/1/11226_2004_Article_464859.pd