FLOW PROPERTIES AND STRENGTH BEHAVIOUR OF MASONRY MORTAR INCORPORATING HIGH VOLUME FLY ASH

ABSTRACT: Masonry mortar is one of the most widely used building materials in construction as nearly all the walls made with bricks are finished with mortar. Masonry works with mortar are generally made with cement, sand and water. In this study, mortar mixes were made by replacing the masonry cement with up to 50% of fly ash at an incremental rate of 10%. Six mortar mixes with 1:4 volumetric cement-to-aggregate ratios using natural sand were made and tested for flow and strength properties. The results obtained from the tests showed that the masonry mortars manufactured with fly ash are better off as compared to the mix without any ash. In terms of flow, it was found that the addition of fly ash increased the flow, particularly when the replacement levels were above 40%. Mortar with high volume fly ash has also shown to attain a comparable strength with that of the control mix. Considering the better workability and acceptable strength properties, the results have demonstrated that high volume replacement of fly ash is a viable alternative for producing environmental friendly masonry mortar

La ciudad perdida vs la ciudad ganada : transformación de los barrios de promoción oficial

En la década de los 40 del siglo XX se inició en España un cambio de modelo económico y social que afectó de forma directa al crecimiento de la ciudad. Los Barrios de Promoción Oficial fueron la solución al problema de la vivienda en España, sin embargo, la ciudad ha evolucionado desde entonces y la sustitución de algunos de estos barrios ha sido inevitable. Esta sustitución no siempre ha respondido de forma adecuada ante los problemas que había presentes en el barrio. Tras un análisis de algunos de los Barrios de Promoción Oficial que se sustituyeron, se eligieron dos que por su escala, su adecuada circunscripción y su patente mejoría o manifiesto empeoramiento, eran adecuados para un estudio más en profundidad. Con el fin de definir qué criterios se han de seguir para que un barrio sea o no de buena calidad desde el punto de vista urbanístico, se analizaron tanto los barrios originales como los actuales. Basándose en el estudio, se definieron los criterios para una buena actuación: un buen tratamiento de la morfología urbana y el viario para dotar de estructura al barrio; la alternancia de la tipología con el fin de jerarquizar la estructura urbana y de aportar un ritmo claro al barrio; un adecuado tratamiento de los espacios libres, con atención a la vegetación, acompañando al viario o agrupada en jardines

Borneo coral reefs subject to high sediment loads show evidence of resilience to various environmental stressors

Copyright © 2019 Browne et al. For reefs in South East Asia the synergistic effects of rapid land development, insufficient environmental policies and a lack of enforcement has led to poor water quality and compromised coral health from increased sediment and pollution. Those inshore turbid coral reefs, subject to significant sediment inputs, may also inherit some resilience to the effects of thermal stress and coral bleaching. We studied the inshore turbid reefs near Miri, in northwest Borneo through a comprehensive assessment of coral cover and health in addition to quantifying sediment-related parameters. Although Miri's Reefs had comparatively low coral species diversity, dominated by massive and encrusting forms of Diploastrea, Porites, Montipora, Favites, Dipsastrea and Pachyseris, they were characterized by a healthy cover ranging from 22 to 39%. We found a strong inshore to offshore gradient in hard coral cover, diversity and community composition as a direct result of spatial differences in sediment at distances <10 km. As well as distance to shore, we included other environmental variables like reef depth and sediment trap accumulation and particle size that explained 62.5% of variation in benthic composition among sites. Miri's reefs showed little evidence of coral disease and relatively low prevalence of compromised health signs including bleaching (6.7%), bioerosion (6.6%), pigmentation response (2.2%), scars (1.1%) and excessive mucus production (0.5%). Tagged colonies of Diploastrea and Pachyseris suffering partial bleaching in 2016 had fully (90-100%) recovered the following year. There were, however, seasonal differences in bioerosion rates, which increased five-fold after the 2017 wet season. Differences in measures of coral physiology, like that of symbiont density and chlorophyll a for Montipora, Pachyseris and Acropora, were not detected among sites. We conclude that Miri's reefs may be in a temporally stable state given minimal recently dead coral and a limited decline in coral cover over the last two decades. This study provides further evidence that turbid coral reefs exposed to seasonally elevated sediment loads can exhibit relatively high coral cover and be resilient to disease and elevated sea surface temperatures

IBM Building

exterior, facade, 199

IBM Building

exterior, facade, 199

IBM Building

exterior, facade detail, aluminum sunscreens, 199

180 undergraduates from 13 public universities participate in the World Software Testing Program

The World Software Testing Program (WSTP) is a collaboration between Ministry of Higher Education, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Technology Education Leader Sdn Bhd (TEL) and MicroFocus/HP. The program was carried out for 8 weeks between October through December 2017 and has successfully trained 180 Information Technology and Engineering undergraduates from 13 public universities. The program is under the Ministry of Higher Education’s Graduate Employability grant (GE)

IBM Building

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