Effect of enzyme and inoculant additives on preservation and feeding value of wheat and forage sorghum silages

Enzyme and inoculant additives produced more efficiently preserved wheat and forage sorghum silages and improved their feeding value. In general, treated silages had lower pH, acetic acid, and ammonia-nitrogen values and higher lactic acid and lactic to acetic acid ratios than untreated silages. In two of the three trials, cell wall and acid detergent fiber fractions were lower in treated than untreated silages. In Trial 2, the treated sorghum silages were extremely unstable in air and cattle performance was similar for control and treated silages. In Trial 3, gains and feed conversions in steers were improved for those fed treated forage sorghum silages

Effect of enzyme and inoculant additives on preservation and feeding value of wheat and forage sorghum silages

Enzyme and inoculant additives produced more efficiently preserved wheat and forage sorghum silages and improved their feeding value. In general, treated silages had lower pH, acetic acid, and ammonia-nitrogen values and higher lactic acid and lactic to acetic acid ratios than untreated silages. In two of the three trials, cell wall and acid detergent fiber fractions were lower in treated than untreated silages. In Trial 2, the treated sorghum silages were extremely unstable in air and cattle performance was similar for control and treated silages. In Trial 3, gains and feed conversions in steers were improved for those fed treated forage sorghum silages

Dihomooxacalix[4]arene-based fluorescent receptors for anion and organic ion pair recognition

Fluorescent dihomooxacalix[4]arene-based receptors 5a\u20135c, bearing two naphthyl(thio)ureido groups at the lower rim via a butyl spacer, were synthesised and obtained in the cone conformation in solution. The X-ray crystal structures of 1,3- (5a) and 3,4-dinaphthylurea (5b) derivatives are reported. Their binding properties towards several anions of different geometries were assessed by 1H-NMR, UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence titrations. Structural and energetic insights of the naphthylurea 5a and 5b complexes were also obtained using quantum mechanical calculations. The data showed that all receptors follow the same trend, the association constants increase with the anion basicity, and the strongest complexes were obtained with F 12, followed by the oxoanions AcO 12 and BzO 12. Proximal urea 5b is a better anion receptor compared to distal urea 5a, and both are more efficient than thiourea 5c. Compounds 5a and 5b were also investigated as heteroditopic receptors for biologically relevant alkylammonium salts, such as the neurotransmitter \u3b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA\ub7HCl) and the betaine deoxycarnitine\ub7HCl. Chiral recognition towards the guest sec-butylamine\ub7HCl was also tested, and a 5:2 selectivity for (R)-sec-BuNH3+\ub7Cl 12 towards (P) or (M) enantiomers of the inherently chiral receptor 5a was shown. Based on DFT calculations, the complex [(S)-sec-BuNH3+\ub7Cl 12/(M)-5a] was indicated as the more stable

New J Chem New J Chem

Bis(1,2-4 triazin-3-yl)pyridines "BTPs'' represent a new class of N-donor extracting agents that separate trivalent actinides and lanthanides from nuclear waste solutions with high An/Ln separation factors. We report here QM calculations on the effect of R-para-BTP substituents on the protonation and complexation energies of these ligands (1 : 1 and 1 : 3 complexes with Ln(III) lanthanides) in the gas phase. Both processes follow similar trends and are highly sensitive to the electron donor/acceptor character and polarizability of R. When compared to R-pyr analogues with pyridine, R-BTPs are found to be intrinsically much more basic, by ca. 20 kcal mol(-1). In aqueous solution, however (modelled by the continuum PCM model), BTPs and pyridines have a similar basicity, pointing to the importance of solvent environment on their protonation states. In the optimized Ln(R-BTP)(3)(3+) complexes with Ln = La, Eu, Yb, complexation energies E-c3 increase with the intrinsic basicity of the ligands, in the order R = NMe2 > NH2 > OMe > C6H5 > (t)Butyl > Me > H > F > Cl. Furthermore, comparison of complexes with different Ln(III) cations indicates that their stability increases in the order La-III < Eu-III < Yb-III, by the same amount with the different R-substituents. The relative contributions of central pyridinyl and lateral triazinyl nitrogens of BTPs are shown to depend on the stoichiometry of the complex and on the Ln(III) size, possibly contributing to the subtle An(III)/Ln(III) discrimination by substituted BTPs.697lp Times Cited:18 Cited References Count:4

CARGO X: The fully collapsible and storage friendly rooftop cargo-carrier

CARGO X is a completely collapsible carbon fiber composite frame cargo carrier for an automobile. Most cargo carriers on the market are either hard-shell designs that are space limited and expensive or softshell designs that are fabric dominated and have little structural integrity. CARGO X is designed in a way that maximizes internal volume and ease of storage, while providing the structural integrity of typical hard-shell designs. The lightweight nature of the carbon fiber frame allows for ergonomic loading and mounting of the carrier. The composite carbon fiber frame is made completely of hand lay-up panels and a polyester vinyl fabric bag placed over the frame to enclose the carrier

Inorg Chem Inorg Chem

A new ligand, L-C, bis-[(6'-carboxy-2,2'-bipyridine-6-yl)]phenylphosphine oxide, in which the tridentate 6-carboxy2,2'-bipyridyl arms are directly linked to a phenylphosphine oxide fragment, has been synthesized. The corresponding [Ln center dot Lc]Cl center dot xH(2)O complexes (Ln = Eu, x = 4, and Tb, x = 3) were isolated from solutions containing equimolar amounts of Lc and hydrated LnCl(3) salts and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy. The interactions of the Eu complex with various anions (AMP(2-), ADP(3-), ATP,(4-) HPO42-, and NO3-) were studied by titration experiments, using UV-vis, luminescence spectroscopy, and excited-state lifetime measurements. The results are in keeping with strong interactions with the ADP(3-), ATP(4-), and phosphate anions in TRIS/HCI buffer (0.01 M, pH = 7.0), as revealed by the determination of the conditional stepwise association constants. These values are higher than the one determined for ligand La, bis[(6'-carboxy-2,2'-bipyridine-6-methylyl)]-n-butylamine (Delta log K approximate to 1-2). The interaction of complexes [Ln center dot L-B](+) and [Ln-L-C ](+) with nitrate, monohydrogenophosphate, methyl phosphate (MeP2-), methyldiphosphate (MeDP3-), and methyltriphosphate (MeTp(4-)) anions was investigated by means of quantum mechanical (QM) calculations. The results, combined with data on the photophysical impact of the sequential competitive binding of anions to the Eu complexes in water, suggest that LB is too flexible to ensure a good coordination pocket, while the molecular structure of ligand Lc stabilizes both the formation of the lanthanide complexes and its adducts with ATP.970cd Times Cited:40 Cited References Count:7

Critical Analysis of Association Constants between Calixarenes and Nitroaromatic Compounds Obtained by Fluorescence. Implications for Explosives Sensing

The binding behaviour of two ureido-hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene derivatives bearing naphthyl (1) and pyrenyl (2) fluorogenic units at the lower rim towards selected nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) was evaluated. Their affinity, or lack of it, was determined by UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy. Different computational methods were also used to further investigate any possible complexation between the calixarenes and the NACs. All the results show no significant interaction between calixarenes 1 and 2 and the NACs in either dichloromethane or acetonitrile solutions. Moreover, the fluorescence quenching observed is only apparent and merely results from the absorption of the NACs at the excitation wavelength (inner filter effect). This evidence is in stark contrast with reports in the literature for similar calixarenes. A naphthyl urea dihomooxacalix[4]arene (3) is also subject to the inner filter effect and is shown to form a stable complex with trinitrophenol; however, the equilibrium association constant is greatly overestimated if no correction is applied (9400 M−1 vs 3000 M−1), again stressing the importance of taking into account the inner filter effect in these systems