First-Principles Study of Adsorption of Actinide Complexes on Borophene

Two- and three-dimensional materials can be used for the sensitive detection of adsorbates through charge-transfer mechanisms. Recently, a two-dimensional borophene material was synthesized in two distinct phases: line-defected planar and buckled. Here, we determine whether borophene can act as a competitive radioactive material sensor by using first-principles calculations to simulate the adsorption of actinide (uranium─U, neptunium─Np, and plutonium─Pu) complexes. Specific ligands are used (OH–, NO3–, CO32–) to generate model actinide complexes representing realistic environmental conditions. Various adsorption configurations are studied for each phase, and the corresponding adsorption energies, charge transfer, and electronic properties are reported. The calculated results reveal the presence of strong interactions due to the formation of a chemical bond between borophene and the oxo ligand of the adsorbate. Periodic trends are established, which indicate the strong affinity to Pu complexes in comparison to Np and U and that complexes containing carbonate bind more strongly overall. We find that the buckled phase engages in stronger adsorption than the planar phase; thus, in comparison to other 2D materials (silicene and germanene) and planar borophene, buckled borophene is a highly suitable candidate as a sensor for actinide complexes

Differential uranyl(v) oxo-group bonding between the uranium and metal cations from groups 1, 2, 4, and 12; a high energy resolution X-ray absorption, computational, and synthetic study

The uranyl(VI) ‘Pacman’ complex [(UO₂)(py)(H₂L)] A (L = polypyrrolic Schiff-base macrocycle) is reduced by Cp₂Ti(η²-Me₃SiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CSiMe₃) and [Cp₂TiCl]₂ to oxo-titanated uranyl(V) complexes [(py)(Cp₂$Ti^{III}$OUO)(py)(H₂L)] 1 and [(ClCp₂$Ti^{IV}$OUO)(py)(H₂L)] 2. Combination of $Zr^{II}$ and $Zr^{IV}$ synthons with A yields the first $Zr^{IV}$–uranyl(V) complex, [(ClCp₂ZrOUO)(py)(H₂L)] 3. Similarly, combinations of $Ae^{0}$ and $Ae^{II}$ synthons (Ae = alkaline earth) afford the mono-oxo metalated uranyl(V) complexes [(py)₂(ClMgOUO)(py)(H₂L)] 4, [(py)₂(thf)₂(ICaOUO)(py) (H₂L)] 5; the zinc complexes [(py)₂(XZnOUO)(py)(H₂L)] (X = Cl 6, I 7) are formed in a similar manner. In contrast, the direct reactions of Rb or Cs metal with A generate the first mono-rubidiated and mono-caesiated uranyl(V) complexes; monomeric [(py)₃(RbOUO)(py)(H₂L)] 8 and hexameric [(MOUO)(py)(H₂L)]₆ (M = Rb 8b or Cs 9). In these uranyl(V) complexes, the pyrrole N–H atoms show strengthened hydrogen-bonding interactions with the endo-oxos, classified computationally as moderate-strength hydrogen bonds. Computational DFT MO (density functional theory molecular orbital) and EDA (energy decomposition analysis), uranium M₄ edge HR-XANES (High Energy Resolution X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) and 3d4f RIXS (Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering) have been used (the latter two for the first time for uranyl(V) in 7 (ZnI)) to compare the covalent character in the $U^{V}$–O and O–M bonds and show the 5f orbitals in uranyl(VI) complex A are unexpectedly more delocalised than in the uranyl(V) 7 (ZnI) complex. The $O_{exo}$–Zn bonds have a larger covalent contribution compared to the Mg–$O_{exo}$/Ca–$O_{exo}$ bonds, and more covalency is found in the U–$O_{exo}$ bond in 7 (ZnI), in agreement with the calculations

Relativistic DFT and Experimental Studies of Mono- and Bis-Actinyl Complexes of an Expanded Schiff-Base Polypyrrole Macrocycle

The computationally- and experimentally-determined molecular structures of a bis-uranyl(VI) complex of an expanded Schiff-base polypyrrolic macrocycle [(UO2)2(L)] are in close agreement only if the pyridine in the fifth equatorial donor site on the uranium is included in the calculations. The relativistic density functional theory (DFT) calculations presented here are augmented from those on previously reported simpler frameworks, and demonstrate that other augmentations, such as the incorporation of condensed-phase media and the changes in the peripheral groups of the ligand, have only a slight effect. Synthetic routes to pure samples of the bis- and mono-uranyl(VI) complexes have been developed using pyridine and arene solvents, respectively, allowing the experimental determination of the molecular structures by X-ray single crystal diffraction; these agree well with the calculated structures. A comprehensive set of calculations has been performed on a series of actinyl AnO2n+ complexes of this macrocyclic ligand. These include both bis- and mono-actinyl adducts for the metals U, Np and Pu, and formal oxidation states VI and V. The reduction potentials of the complexes for U, Np, and Pu, incorporating both solvation and spin–orbit coupling considerations, show the order Np > Pu > U. The agreement between experimental and computed data for U is excellent, suggesting that at this level of computation predictions made about the significantly more radiotoxic Np and Pu molecules should be accurate. A particularly unusual structure of the mononuclear plutonyl(V) complex was predicted by quantum chemical calculations, in which a twist in the macrocycle allows one of the two endo-oxo groups to form a hydrogen bond to one pyrrole group of the opposite side of the macrocycle, in accordance with this member of the set containing the most Lewis basic oxo groups

Oxo-Functionalization and Reduction of the Uranyl Ion through Lanthanide-Element Bond Homolysis:Synthetic, Structural, and Bonding Analysis of a Series of Singly Reduced Uranyl-Rare Earth 5f¹-4f^<em>n</em> Complexes

The heterobimetallic complexes [{UO2Ln-(py)2(L)}2], combining a singly reduced uranyl cation and a rare-earth trication in a binucleating polypyrrole Schiff-base macrocycle (Pacman) and bridged through a uranyl oxo-group, have been prepared for Ln = Sc, Y, Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, and Lu. These compounds are formed by the single-electron reduction of the Pacman uranyl complex [UO2(py)(H2L)] by the rare-earth complexes LnIII(A)3 (A = N(SiMe3)2, OC6H3But 2-2,6) via homolysis of a Ln−A bond. The complexes are dimeric through mutual uranyl exo-oxo coordination but can be cleaved to form the trimetallic, monouranyl “ate” complexes [(py)3LiOUO(μ-X)Ln(py)(L)] by the addition of lithium halides. X-ray crystallographic structural characterization of many examples reveals very similar features for monomeric and dimeric series, the dimers containing an asymmetric U2O2 diamond core with shorter uranyl U=O distances than in the monomeric complexes. The synthesis by LnIII−A homolysis allows [5f1-4fn]2 and Li[5f1-4fn] complexes with oxobridged metal cations to be made for all possible 4fn configurations. Variable-temperature SQUID magnetometry and IR, NIR, and EPR spectroscopies on the complexes are utilized to provide a basis for the better understanding of the electronic structure of f-block complexes and their f-electron exchange interactions. Furthermore, the structures, calculated by restricted-core or allelectron methods, are compared along with the proposed mechanism of formation of the complexes. A strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the metal centers, mediated by the oxo groups, exists in the UVSmIII monomer, whereas the dimeric UVDyIII complex was found to show magnetic bistability at 3 K, a property required for the development of single-molecule magnets.JRC.E.6-Actinide researc

Strongly coupled binuclear uranium-oxo complexes from uranyl oxo rearrangement and reductive silylation

The most common motif in uranium chemistry is the d0f0 uranyl ion [UO2]21 in which the oxo groups are rigorously linear and inert. Alternative geometries, such as the cis-uranyl, have been identified theoretically and implicated in oxo-atom transfer reactions that are relevant to environmental speciation and nuclear waste remediation. Single electron reduction is now known to impart greater oxo-group reactivity, but with retention of the linear OUO motif, and reactions of the oxo groups to form new covalent bonds remain rare. Here, we describe the synthesis, structure, reactivity and magnetic properties of a binuclear uranium–oxo complex. Formed through a combination of reduction and oxo-silylation and migration from a trans to a cis position, the new butterfly-shaped Si–OUO2UO–Si molecule shows remarkably strong UV–UV coupling and chemical inertness, suggesting that this rearranged uranium oxo motif might exist for other actinide species in the environment, and have relevance to the aggregation of actinide oxide clusters.JRC.E.6-Actinides researc