Mesurer la construction en ville

Le cadastre présente un intérêt certain pour la mesure de la construction des villes. L’étude des matrices foncières de Bordeaux est ici confrontée à celle de la géographie des plans parcellaires. Malgré les limites archivistiques et historiques de ces sources qui leur confèrent une certaine instabilité, leur étude montre que, dans un contexte où le renouvellement du parc immobilier de la ville s’accompagne d’une très forte extension du bâti, dans une période où le nombre, la masse des revenus, le type et la localisation des transformations bâties changent de nature, l’économie de la construction bordelaise présente ses propres régulations, mais aussi ses propres dérèglements cycliques, par rapport aux représentations canoniques – parisiennes – de ces mouvements.The cadastral survey is of a great interest as regards the history of measuring up town building. The cadastral originals of Bordeaux are being studied here along with the geography of the detailed survey, in spite of limits, recorded, historical elements to be found in these sources. Not only is the real estate in this city renovated bus there is also a notable extension – town building is booming – at a time when a change of nature is brought about in the number, the amount of income, the type and location of the new buildings, the rebuilt ones, the demolished ones. Establishing how relative, even unreliable the sources of this measure are, does not mean mixing up the classical periodicity. The economy of construction in Bordeaux produces its own regulations, but also its own cyclical irregularities, compared with the conventional – parisian – pictures of these moves

La voirie bordelaise au XIXe siècle. L'administration et les pratiques municipales d'aménagement urbain (1807-1886)

Bordeaux au XIXe siècle a organisé la transformation de son territoire à partir d’un domaine particulier de l’aménagement urbain : la voirie. Le principe de cette recherche est simple : peut-on dire qu’en se renouvelant, les villes françaises se sont conformées à des pratiques et des modèles communs, et notamment aux transformations de Paris, ou bien ont-elles produit leurs propres modes de régénération ? Cette étude consiste donc à prendre du recul par rapport aux débats ou aux travaux grand..

SPIRS, WinSPIRS, and OVID: a comparison of three MEDLINE-on*CD*ROM interfaces

Belgium Three MEDLINE-on-CD-ROM interfaces are compared: SPIRS* (version 3.11) and WinSPIRS (version 1.0) from SilverPlatter and OVID (version 3.0, DOS and Windows interfaces) from CD Plus Technologies. Though the database is the same, there are substantial differences among the interfaces in the way these data are presented and can be searched. These different approaches are discussed, and a detailed comparative table is included. It is obvious that all three interfaces are quite good yet none of them is perfect; each has desirable and unfortunate features. Together, they offer an enormous range of possibilities. Users would benefit if most of the better features (e.g., easy menu, free-text retrieval, pre-exploded thesaurus terms) were implemented in future versions of these interfaces and if system operators were given greater latitude to determine the system defaults appropriate to their specific situations and customers. This article compares three MEDLINE-on-CD-ROM interfaces: SPIRS* and WinSPIRS from SilverPlatter and OVID (both DOS and Windows versions) from CD Plus Technologies. As far as the contents are concerned, there is no intrinsic difference among these three interfaces; they all offer the same database. There are, however, substantial differences among the interfaces in the way these data are presented and can be searched. The objective here is not to determine which of these systems is superior but rather to examine the different approaches and provide the author's perspectives. Some of the features constitute true advantages or disadvantages, while the utility of others is more a matter of personal preference. It is assumed that readers have basic knowledge of the MEDLINE database and the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus, which have been discussed, together with their major CD-ROM interfaces, amply in the professional literatur

Collective Re-Excavation and Lost Media from the Last Century of British Prehistoric Studies

There are thousands of forgotten archaeological archives hidden away in repositories all over the world, lost worlds where many scholars have toiled away for years, trying to record every detail and bit of information available about rare and precious archaeological objects in an attempt to bring order and understanding to an almost incomprehensible past. This paper discusses how these archives can be approached through Huhtamo's definition of media archaeology as a 'historically-attuned enterprise' that involves 'excavating forgotten media-cultural phenomena', focusing on the MicroPasts digitization project. It is shown that greater utilization of digital media simply changes and extends the terms of engagement, accessibility, and flow of information from antiquated archaeological archives to the community and back again

Crowd-sourced Archaeological Research: The MicroPasts Project

This paper offers a brief introduction to MicroPasts, a web-enabled crowd-sourcing and crowd-funding project whose overall goal is to promote the collection and use of high quality research data via institutional and community collaborations, both on- and off-line. In addition to introducing this initiative, the discussion below is a reflection of its lead author’s core contribution to the project and will dwell in more detail on one particular aspect of MicroPasts: its relevance to research and practice in public archaeology, cultural policy and heritage studies

Developmental changes associated with cross-language similarity in bilingual children

Online publication 30/9/2015The main goal of the present study was to investigate how the degree of orthographic overlap between translation equivalents influences bilingual word recognition processes at different stages of reading development. Spanish–Basque bilingual children with ages ranging from 8 to 15 years were tested in an explicit translation recognition task with a large set of items. Critically, the degree of cross-language similarity (i.e. the cognate status) between the references and the correct targets was manipulated along a continuum in order to investigate how the reliance on crosslanguage orthographic overlap varies as a function of reading experience. Results showed that younger children were significantly more sensitive to the cognate status of words than older children while recognising translation equivalents, and that this difference did not depend on the speed of response of the participants. These results demonstrate that the influence of cross-language similarity progressively diminishes as a function of increased exposure to print together with the maturation of the mechanisms responsible for language interference suppression, as suggested by developmental models of bilingual lexical access.This research has been partially funded by the Spanish Government [grant number PSI2012-32123], the European Research Council [grant number ERC-AdG-295362], and by the AThEME project funded by the European Union [grant number 613465]

Crowd- and Community-fuelled Archaeological Research. Early Results from the MicroPasts Project

The MicroPasts project is a novel experiment in the use of crowd-based methodologies to enable participatory archaeological research. Building on a long tradition of offline community archaeology in the UK, this initiative aims to integrate crowd-sourcing, crowd-funding and forum-based discussion to encourage groups of academics and volunteers to collaborate on the web. This paper will introduce MicroPasts, its aims, methods and initial results, with a particular emphasis on project evaluation. The evaluative work conducted over the first few months of the project already demonstrates the potential for crowd-sourced archaeological 3D modelling, especially amongst younger audiences, next to more traditional kinds of crowd-sourcing such as transcription. It has also allowed a comparative assessment of different methods for sustaining contributor participation through time and a discussion of their implications for the sustainability of the MicroPasts project and (potentially) other archaeological crowd-sourcing endeavours

Citizen Archaeologists. Online Collaborative Research about the Human Past

Archaeology has a long tradition of volunteer involvement but also faces considerable challenges in protecting and understanding a geographically widespread, rapidly dwindling and ever threatened cultural resource. This paper considers a newly launched, multi-application crowdsourcing project called MicroPasts that enables both community-led and massive online contributions to high quality research in archaeology, history and heritage. We reflect on preliminary results from this initiative with a focus on the technical challenges, quality control issues and contributors motivations

Participation in heritage crowdsourcing

This paper draws upon the experience of several years of running a multi-application crowdsourcing platform, as well as a longitudinal evaluation of participant profiles, motivations and behaviour, to argue that heritage crowdsourcing cannot straightforwardly be considered a democratising form of cultural participation. While we agree that crowdsourcing helps expand public engagement with state-funded activities at Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums, we also note that, the involved public cohort is not radically different in socio-demographic make-up to the one that physically visits such institutions, being for example financially better-off with high levels of formal education. In shedding light on issues of participation and cultural citizenship, through a both theoretically and empirically rich discussion, this paper casts light on the current impact of heritage crowdsourcing, in terms of both its strengths and weaknesses. The study will also be useful for cultural heritage policy and practice, museum management and curatorship to potentially guide the choices and strategies of funders and organisations alike