The Arctic freshwater system : changes and impacts

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007): G04S54, doi:10.1029/2006JG000353.Dramatic changes have been observed in the Arctic over the last century. Many of these involve the storage and cycling of fresh water. On land, precipitation and river discharge, lake abundance and size, glacier area and volume, soil moisture, and a variety of permafrost characteristics have changed. In the ocean, sea ice thickness and areal coverage have decreased and water mass circulation patterns have shifted, changing freshwater pathways and sea ice cover dynamics. Precipitation onto the ocean surface has also changed. Such changes are expected to continue, and perhaps accelerate, in the coming century, enhanced by complex feedbacks between the oceanic, atmospheric, and terrestrial freshwater systems. Change to the arctic freshwater system heralds changes for our global physical and ecological environment as well as human activities in the Arctic. In this paper we review observed changes in the arctic freshwater system over the last century in terrestrial, atmospheric, and oceanic systems.The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation (NSF) for funding this synthesis work. This paper is principally the work of authors funded under the NSF-funded Freshwater Integration (FWI) study

Development of a service structure for scalable deployment in the e-learning domain

Im Kontext der Wissensvermittlung existieren vielseitige E-Learning Tools, die oft ein dediziertes Lehr-Lern-Szenario betrachten. Die zugrundeliegende Software konzentriert sich somit häufig auf einen spezifischen Bereich oder eine gesonderte Fragestellung, sodass eine Erweiterung des Angebots nicht ohne weiteres möglich ist. Es soll untersucht werden, welche serverseitigen Anforderungen ein System für die E-Learning-Domäne erfüllen muss, um keine derartigen Restriktionen aufzuweisen und gleichzeitig für den Einsatz verschiedener Szenarien der digitalen Lehre geeignet zu sein

cber einige fossile S\ue4ugetiere aus dem Oligoc\ue4n von \uc4gypten

Volume: 35Start Page: 500End Page: 50

Eine untermioc\ue4ne Fauna aus dem Teplitzer Braunkohlenbecken

Volume: 111Start Page: 1123End Page: 115

Lebensdauerbestimmung von B"0_s-Mesonen mit dem Aleph-Detektor

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RR 2916(97-17) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Trends in respiratory virus circulation following COVID-19-targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions in Germany, January - September 2020: Analysis of national surveillance data

Background:During the initial COVID-19 response, Germany’s Federal Government implemented several nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that were instrumental in suppressing early exponential spread ofSARS-CoV-2. NPI effect on the transmission of other respiratory viruses has not been examined at the national level thus far.Methods:Upper respiratory tract specimens from 3580 patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI), collected within the nationwide German ARI Sentinel, underwent RT-PCR diagnostics for multiple respiratory viruses. The observation period (weeks 1-38 of 2020) included the time before, during and after a farreaching contact ban. Detection rates for different viruses were compared to 2017-2019 sentinel data (15350 samples; week 1-38, 11823 samples). Findings :The March 2020 contact ban, which was followed by a mask mandate, was associated with an unprecedented and sustained decline of multiple respiratory viruses. Among these, rhinovirus was the single agent that resurged to levels equalling those of previous years. Rhinovirus rebound was first observed in children, after schools and daycares had reopened. By contrast, other non enveloped viruses (i.e. gastroenteritisviruses reported at the national level) suppressed after the shutdown did not rebound.Interpretation:Contact restrictions with a subsequent mask mandate in spring may substantially reduce respiratory virus circulation. This reduction appears sustained for most viruses, indicating that the activity of influenza and other respiratory viruses during the subsequent winter season might be low,whereas rhinovirus resurgence, potentially driven by transmission in educational institutions in a setting of waning population immunity, might signal predominance of rhinovirus-related ARIs.Peer Reviewe

Neural correlates of emotion acceptance and suppression in borderline personality disorder

Fernando SC, Beblo T, Lamers A, et al. Neural correlates of emotion acceptance and suppression in borderline personality disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2023;13.**Background** Emotion dysregulation is a central feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Since impaired emotion regulation contributes to disturbed emotion functioning in BPD, it is crucial to study underlying neural activity. The current study aimed at investigating the neural correlates of two emotion regulation strategies, namely emotion acceptance and suppression, which are both important treatment targets in BPD. **Methods** Twenty-one women with BPD and 23 female healthy control participants performed an emotion regulation task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). While watching fearful movie clips, participants were instructed to either accept or to suppress upcoming emotions compared to passive viewing. **Results** Results revealed acceptance-related insular underactivation and suppression-related caudate overactivation in subjects with BPD during the emotion regulation task. **Conclusion** This is a first study on the neural correlates of emotion acceptance and suppression in BPD. Altered insula functioning during emotion acceptance may reflect impairments in emotional awareness in BPD. Increased caudate activity is linked to habitual motor and cognitive processes and therefore may accord to the well-established routine in BPD patients to suppress emotional experiences

Caudate hyperactivation during the processing of happy faces in borderline personality disorder

Lamers A, Töpper M, Fernando S, et al. Caudate hyperactivation during the processing of happy faces in borderline personality disorder. Neuropsychologia. 2021;163: 108086.BACKGROUND: Emotion dysfunction and anhedonia are main problems in borderline personality disorder (BPD). In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we investigated neural activation during the processing of happy faces and its correlates with habitual emotion acceptance in patients with BPD.; METHODS: 22 women with BPD and 26 female healthy controls watched movie clips of happy and neutral faces during fMRI without any instruction of emotion regulation. To associate neural activation with habitual emotion acceptance, we included individual scores of the Emotion Acceptance Questionnaire (EAQ) as a covariate in brain data analysis.; RESULTS: All participants showed amygdala, temporal and occipital activation during the processing of happy compared to neutral faces. Compared with healthy controls, patients with BPD showed significantly more activation within the bilateral caudate. We did not find significant correlations with emotion acceptance.; CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate caudate hyperactivation in patients with BPD during the processing of happy faces. Although patients reported significantly less emotion acceptance of positive emotions, an association with neural activation was not detectable. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved