Cichlid biogeography: comment and review

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72313/1/j.1467-2979.2004.00148.x.pd

A new species of Buenia (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the western Mediterranean Sea, with the description of this genus

A new miniature gobiid species, Buenia massutii sp. nov. (Teleostei: Gobiidae) is described from the circalittoral bottom off the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean. Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial COI-barcoding fragment supports its species-level distinctiveness and the monophyly of the genus Buenia. A description and diagnosis of the genus Buenia is for the first time provided. Material of the new species was collected in 57–67 m depth from beam trawl samples carried out on red algae beds. The traits that differentiate the new species from two congeneric species are: anterior oculoscapular canal only semiclosed with pores σ, λ, κ, ω, α, ρ and additional pores and open furrows from interorbital part to pore ρ; posterior oculoscapular canal absent; suborbital row c with 5 papillae; scales in lateral series 26–28; pectoral fin rays 16; the second spine of the first dorsal fin the longest, reaching to or behind posterior end of the second dorsal fin in males when folded down; pelvic fin anterior membrane one sixth or less of length of spinous ray in midline depth; head length 31.2–32.5% of standard length; eye 32.8–35.7% of head length; caudal fin length 21.5–24.0% of standard lengthS

A new species of Buenia (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from the western Mediterranean slope bottoms, the redescription of Buenia jeffreysi and the first Balearic record of Buenia affinis

A new gobiid species, Buenia lombartei sp. nov. (Teleostei: Gobiidae) is described from the continental slope off the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean. The Atlantic species Buenia jeffreysii (Günther, 1867) is redescribed and the first record of Buenia affinis Iljin, 1930 is reported for the islands. A key for the species of genus Buenia is provided. The new species can be distinguished from congeneric species by morphological characters: anterior oculoscapular canal semi-closed with pores σ, λ, κ, α, ρ and additional pores and open furrows; suborbital row c of 6 papillae; anal fin I/7-I/8; scales in lateral series 25-27; scales in transverse series 6; pectoral fin rays 18; the second spine of the first dorsal fin longest, backwards reaching to middle second dorsal fin in males when folded down; pelvic fin anterior membrane reduced to less than one sixth of spinous ray in midline depth; tongue well developed and bilobed and several morphometric characters. The new species is also characterized by its reduced colouration and unique depth range and occurrence on upper slope muddy bottoms. Contrary to this, only a small number of gobiid species in the Mediterranean reach beyond the circalittoral to the deep shelf, and just a few have records below the shelf break. Phylogenetic analysis of their mitochondrial COI se-quence grouped the two specimens within the same clade as B. jeffreysii, but one apomorphic transversion diagnoses the B. lombartei subclade. A hypothesis about rapid speciation of B. lombartei as well as alternative hypotheses are discussed. During the Last Glacial Maximum, boreal fish species such as cold-water adapted gadids, now restricted to northwestern Europe, entered the Mediterranean. This may have also been the case of the boreal population of B. jeffreysii. At the end of the glacial period, increasingly warming Mediterranean waters might restricted B. jeffreysii to deeper coldwater mud habitats of the upper slope, where it finally adapted to bathyal conditionsS

Gymnesigobius medits (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new gobiid genus and species from the western Mediterranean slope bottoms

A new genus and species of goby, Gymnesigobius medits sp. nov., is described from the western Mediterranean slope bottoms at the Balearic Islands. The new goby belongs to the Gobius-lineage (Gobiinae). Examination of the single known specimen exhibits a unique combination of morphological characters which could not be fitted to any known genus. Gymnesigobius gen. nov. is morphologically distinguished from all other genera in the Gobius-lineage by the following combination of characters: chin without fold or barbels; mouth terminal with anterior tip above horizontal level of lower eye edge; predorsal area and first dorsal fin base naked; pelvic fin anterior membrane well developed; head with anterior oculoscapular and preopercular canals, posterior oculoscapular canal absent; pores of head canals enlarged, e.g. pores α and ρ larger or of about the same size as interspaces to pore β; six transverse suborbital rows of sensory papillae, four continuous suborbital rows in front of row b, fifth row divided in three parts but in front of row b, sixth row just as superior part above row b and below pore α; longitudinal suborbital row b barely reaching forward to the vertical from posterior edge of eye. A full description of the new genus and species is provided. The new species, collected at a depth of between 344 and 364 m (mean depth of 354 m), is one of very few gobiid species found at bathyal depths