Influence of material alterations and machine impairment on throughput related sensor-based sorting performance

Experiments with sensor-based sorting (SBS) machinery provide insight into the effect of throughput rate and input composition on the sorting performance. For this purpose, material mixtures with certain compositions and particle size distributions were created from waste fractions and sorted at various throughput rates. To evaluate the sorting performance of the SBS unit (using near infrared technology) in dependence of the applied load, four assessment factors concerning the output fractions were studied: yield, product purity, recovery/product quantity and incorrectly discharged share of reject particles. The influences on the assessment parameters of light twodimensional (2D) particles in the input of a sorting stage and failing air valves in an SBS unit were evaluated for various input compositions at different throughput rates. It was found that a share of approximately 5 wt% 2D particles in the input had a similar negative effect on the yield as the malfunction of 20% of all air valves in an SBS machine at high throughput rates. Additionally, the failure of the air valves reduced the product purity of the sorting stage at increased throughput rates. Furthermore, qualitative observations concerning systematic effects of prior studies could be confirmed. Resulting graphs for a specific input composition of an SBS unit at varying throughput rates could be used to adjust the throughput rate to meet the exact demands for a sorting stage

Nanocatalysts Unravel the Selective State of Ag

In the present work, we report on a comparative study of model catalysts during ethylene epoxidation reaction under industrially relevant conditions. The catalysts consist of Ag nanoparticles <6 nm and a reference sample ∼100 nm. Combining catalytic data with transmission electron microscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory allows us to show that catalytic performance is linked to the oxygen concentration in/on the Ag particles. Isotope experiments using 18O2 and C18O2 are conducted to gain insight into the nature and location of oxygen in/on the Ag nanoparticles. The oxygen species responsible for the CO2 formation and inhibition of the overall catalytic activity are identified, and the abundance of those species is shown to depend strongly on the pre‐treatment and reaction conditions, showing both are critical for effective oxygen management. By comparison with a conventional Ag/α‐Al2O3 catalyst, we demonstrate a low concentration of oxygen in/on Ag leads to the highest selectivity regardless of particle size. However, particle size dependent oxophilicity leads to significantly lower TOFs for the Ag nanoparticles. This study provides fundamental understanding of the performance of supported Ag particles in ethylene epoxidation and offers new strategies to improve performance under industrially relevant conditions

Towards Experimental Handbooks in Catalysis

The “Seven Pillars” of oxidation catalysis proposed by Robert K. Grasselli represent an early example of phenomenological descriptors in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Major advances in the theoretical description of catalytic reactions have been achieved in recent years and new catalysts are predicted today by using computational methods. To tackle the immense complexity of high-performance systems in reactions where selectivity is a major issue, analysis of scientific data by artificial intelligence and data science provides new opportunities for achieving improved understanding. Modern data analytics require data of highest quality and sufficient diversity. Existing data, however, frequently do not comply with these constraints. Therefore, new concepts of data generation and management are needed. Herein we present a basic approach in defining best practice procedures of measuring consistent data sets in heterogeneous catalysis using “handbooks”. Selective oxidation of short-chain alkanes over mixed metal oxide catalysts was selected as an example.DFG, 390540038, EXC 2008: Unifying Systems in Catalysis "UniSysCat

Financial and Economic Education Products and Services of Austrian Institutions and Enterprises

Austrian institutions and enterprises offer a broad range of economic and financial literacy products and services, including online products, brochures, folders, economic simulation games, TV and radio programs, presentations, seminars, company visits and guided tours. On closer inspection, however, it turns out that some areas and target groups remain largely neglected: Education products and services for students attending primary and compulsory school are still scarce, while comprehensive material is available for students and teachers of secondary academic or vocational schools. Moreover, the level of knowledge about certain basic economic and financial concepts was generally found to be low. The deficiencies might be addressed by making the existing products and services more easily accessible in a structured fashion and by broadening the range of products and services to cater to the needs of all target groups.financial and economic education products/services, austrian institutions/enterprises.

Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

A History of the Fritz-Haber-Institut B How to reach the Institute C Preface D Internal Structure E Highlights F Instrumentation G Understanding Catalysis H Scientific Progress - Nanostructured MoV catalysts in activation of light alkanes - Copper and palladium catalysts in C1 chemistry - Silver in partial oxidation reactions - Oxygenated ruthenium in CO-oxidation - Carbon in catalysis - High temperature catalysis research I FHI Library / Publications J Patents K Guest-Lectures L External Funds - List of external funds - Cluster of Excellence: “Unifying Concepts in Catalysis” - European Union: Network of Excellence / NoE IDECAT - EnerChem: Nanochemical Concepts for a Sustainable Energy Supply - Collaborative Research Centers: SFBs, SFB 546, B2 - PIRE: Partnership for International Research and Education M Teaching Activities N Long Night of Science O Practical Courses P Note

Euro Cash in Austria Five Years after Its Introduction – What the Public Thinks

This paper analyzes Austrian and euro area opinion polls to assess the Austrian public’s views about the single currency five years after the introduction of euro cash. The analysis focuses on the following questions: How are Austrians managing with the euro now? How do Austrians assess the opportunities the euro offers? How did the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) and other institutions cope with the communication policy challenges involved in the introduction of the euro? How good a feel have people developed for euro prices? How happy are Austrians with the euro compared with people in other euro area countries? The survey results show that the euro is recognized as a stable currency; it fulfills Austrians’ demand for price stability. People have largely overcome whatever problems they had using the euro in day-to-day transactions initially. The overwhelming majority of people are aware of the advantages the euro has for the economy and for them personally. People’s perception of the value of euro prices is getting better by the year; euro cash is widely accepted. The OeNB’s activities have contributed substantially to the positive attitude toward the euro. A final remaining challenge is the need to dispel the mistaken impression that the euro has contributed to price increases. Other empirical evidence corroborates the widely held belief that the euro has resulted in only a limited degree of price convergence in the euro area.Euro introduction, assessment, Austria, opinion polls, information measures.