3,200 research outputs found
Direct Microlensing-Reverberation Observations of the Intrinsic magnetic Structure of AGN in Different Spectral States: A Tale of Two Quasars
We show how direct microlensing-reverberation analysis performed on two
well-known Quasars (Q2237 - The Einstein Cross and Q0957 - The Twin) can be
used to observe the inner structure of two quasars which are in significantly
different spectral states. These observations allow us to measure the detailed
internal structure of quasar Q2237 in a radio quiet high-soft state, and
compare it to quasar Q0957 in a radio loud low-hard state. We find that the
observed differences in the spectral states of these two quasars can be
understood as being due to the location of the inner radii of their accretion
disks relative to the co-rotation radii of rotating intrinsically magnetic
supermassive compact objects in the centers of these quasars.Comment: 26 page manuscript with 2 tables and 2 figures, submitted to
Astronomical Journa
Do micro brown dwarf detections explain the galactic dark matter?
Context: The baryonic dark matter dominating the structures of galaxies is
widely considered as mysterious, but hints for it have been in fact detected in
several astronomical observations at optical, infrared, and radio wavelengths.
We call attention to the nature of galaxy merging, the observed rapid
microlensing of a quasar, the detection of "cometary knots" in planetary
nebulae, and the Lyman-alpha clouds as optical phenomena revealing the compact
objects. Radio observations of "extreme scattering events" and "parabolic arcs"
and microwave observations of "cold dust cirrus" clouds are observed at 15 - 20
K temperatures are till now not considered in a unifying picture. Aims: The
theory of gravitational hydrodynamics predicts galactic dark matter arises from
Jeans clusters that are made up of almost a trillion micro brown dwarfs (mBDs)
of earth weight. It is intended to explain the aforementioned anomalous
observations and to make predictions within this framework. Methods: We employ
analytical isothermal modeling to estimate various effects. Results: Estimates
of their total number show that they comprise enough mass to constitute the
missing baryonic matter. Mysterious radio events are explained by mBD pair
merging in the Galaxy. The "dust" temperature of cold galaxy halos arises from
a thermostat setting due to a slow release of latent heat at the 14 K gas to
solid transition at the mBD surface. The proportionality of the central black
hole mass of a galaxy and its number of globular clusters is explained. The
visibility of an early galaxy at redshift 8.6 is obvious with most hydrogen
locked up in mBDs. Conclusions: Numerical simulations of various steps would
further test the approach. It looks promising to redo MACHO searches against
the Magellanic clouds.Comment: 12 pages A&A tex, 3 pdf figure
The Mass Function of Primordial Rogue Planet MACHOs in quasar nanolensing
The recent Sumi et al (2010, 2011) detection of free roaming planet mass
MACHOs in cosmologically significant numbers recalls their original detection
in quasar microlening studies (Schild 1996, Colley and Schild 2003). We
consider the microlensing signature of such a population, and find that the
nano-lensing (microlensing) would be well characterized by a statistical
microlensing theory published previously by Refsdal and Stabel (1991).
Comparison of the observed First Lens microlensing amplitudes with the
theoretical prediction gives close agreement and a methodology for determining
the slope of the mass function describing the population. Our provisional
estimate of the power law exponent in an exponential approximation to this
distribution is where a Salpeter slope is 2.35.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur
A pedestrian approach to the high energy limits of branes and other gravitational systems
In this article we study limits of models that contain a dimensionful
parameter such as the mass of the relativistic point-particle. The limits are
analogous to the massless limit of the particle and may be thought of as high
energy limits. We present the ideas and work through several examples in a
(hopefully) pedagogical manner. Along the way we derive several new results.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur
Bose-Einstein condensed supermassive black holes: a case of renormalized quantum field theory in curved space-time
This paper investigates the question whether a realistic black hole can be in
principal similar to a star, having a large but finite redshift at its horizon.
If matter spreads throughout the interior of a supermassive black hole with
mass , it has an average density comparable to air and it may
arise from a Bose-Einstein condensate of densely packed H-atoms. Within the
Relativistic Theory of Gravitation with a positive cosmological constant, a
bosonic quantum field describing H atoms is coupled to the curvature scalar
with dimensionless coupling . In the Bose-Einstein condensed groundstate
an exact, self-consistent solution for the metric occurs for a certain large
value of , quadratic in the black hole mass. It is put forward that
is set by proper choice of the background metric as a first step of a
renormalization approach, while otherwise the non-linearities are small. The
black hole has a hair, the binding energy. Fluctuations about the ground state
are considered.Comment: 18 pages Latex Physica E styl
Why don't clumps of cirrus dust gravitationally collapse?
We consider the Herschel-Planck infrared observations of presumed
condensations of interstellar material at a measured temperature of
approximately 14 K (Juvela et al., 2012), the triple point temperature of
hydrogen. The standard picture is challenged that the material is cirrus-like
clouds of ceramic dust responsible for Halo extinction of cosmological sources
(Finkbeiner, Davis, and Schlegel 1999). Why would such dust clouds not collapse
gravitationally to a point on a gravitational free-fall time scale of
years? Why do the particles not collide and stick together, as is fundamental
to the theory of planet formation (Blum 2004; Blum and Wurm, 2008) in pre-solar
accretion discs? Evidence from 3.3 m and UIB emissions as well as ERE
(extended red emission) data point to the dominance of PAH-type macromolecules
for cirrus dust, but such fractal dust will not spin in the manner of rigid
grains (Draine & Lazarian, 1998). IRAS dust clouds examined by Herschel-Planck
are easily understood as dark matter Proto-Globular-star-Cluster (PGC) clumps
of primordial gas planets, as predicted by Gibson (1996) and observed by Schild
(1996).Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Conference FQMT'1
Characterization of granite matrix porosity and pore-space geometry by in situ and laboratory methods
Most available studies of interconnected matrix porosity of crystalline rocks are based on laboratory investigations; that is, work on samples that have undergone stress relaxation and were affected by drilling and sample preparation. The extrapolation of the results to in situ conditions is therefore associated with considerable uncertainty, and this was the motivation to conduct the ‘in situ Connected Porosity' experiment at the Grimsel Test Site (Central Swiss Alps). An acrylic resin doped with fluorescent agents was used to impregnate the microporous granitic matrix in situ around an injection borehole, and samples were obtained by overcoring. The 3-D structure of the pore-space, represented by microcracks, was studied by U-stage fluorescence microscopy. Petrophysical methods, including the determination of porosity, permeability and P-wave velocity, were also applied. Investigations were conducted both on samples that were impregnated in situ and on non-impregnated samples, so that natural features could be distinguished from artefacts. The investigated deformed granites display complex microcrack populations representing a polyphase deformation at varying conditions. The crack population is dominated by open cleavage cracks in mica and grain boundary cracks. The porosity of non-impregnated samples lies slightly above 1 per cent, which is 2-2.5 times higher than the in situ porosity obtained for impregnated samples. Measurements of seismic velocities (Vp) on spherical rock samples as a function of confining pressure, spatial direction and water saturation for both non-impregnated and impregnated samples provide further constraints on the distinction between natural and induced crack types. The main conclusions are that (1) an interconnected network of microcracks exists in the whole granitic matrix, irrespective of the distance to ductile and brittle shear zones, and (2) conventional laboratory methods overestimate the matrix porosity. Calculations of contaminant transport through fractured media often rely on matrix diffusion as a retardation mechanis
Turbulence and turbulent mixing in natural fluids
Turbulence and turbulent mixing in natural fluids begins with big bang
turbulence powered by spinning combustible combinations of Planck particles and
Planck antiparticles. Particle prograde accretions on a spinning pair releases
42% of the particle rest mass energy to produce more fuel for turbulent
combustion. Negative viscous stresses and negative turbulence stresses work
against gravity, extracting mass-energy and space-time from the vacuum.
Turbulence mixes cooling temperatures until strong-force viscous stresses
freeze out turbulent mixing patterns as the first fossil turbulence. Cosmic
microwave background temperature anisotropies show big bang turbulence fossils
along with fossils of weak plasma turbulence triggered as plasma photon-viscous
forces permit gravitational fragmentation on supercluster to galaxy mass
scales. Turbulent morphologies and viscous-turbulent lengths appear as linear
gas-proto-galaxy-clusters in the Hubble ultra-deep-field at z~7. Proto-galaxies
fragment into Jeans-mass-clumps of primordial-gas-planets at decoupling: the
dark matter of galaxies. Shortly after the plasma to gas transition,
planet-mergers produce stars that explode on overfeeding to fertilize and
distribute the first life.Comment: 23 pages 12 figures, Turbulent Mixing and Beyond 2009 International
Center for Theoretical Physics conference, Trieste, Italy. Revision according
to Referee comments. Accepted for Physica Scripta Topical Issue to be
published in 201
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