Observation of top quark pairs produced in association with a vector boson in pp collisions at s=8 √s=8TeV

Measurements of the cross sections for top quark pairs produced in association with a W or Z boson are presented, using 8 TeV pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb −1 , collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Final states are selected in which the associated W boson decays to a charged lepton and a neutrino or the Z boson decays to two charged leptons. Signal events are identified by matching reconstructed objects in the detector to specific final state particles from t t ¯ W tt¯W or t t ¯ Z tt¯Z decays. The t t ¯ W tt¯W cross section is measured to be 382 − 102 + 117 fb with a significance of 4.8 standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis. The t t ¯ Z tt¯Z cross section is measured to be 242 − 55 + 65 fb with a significance of 6.4 standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis. These measurements are used to set bounds on five anomalous dimension-six operators that would affect the t t ¯ W tt¯W and t t ¯ Z tt¯Z cross sections

Search for dark matter produced with an energetic jet or a hadronically decaying W or Z boson at root S=13 TeV

A search for dark matter particles is performed using events with large missing transverse momentum, at least one energetic jet, and no leptons, in proton-proton collisions at root S = 13TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 fb(-1). The search includes events with jets from the hadronic decays of a W or Z boson. The data are found to be in agreement with the predicted background contributions from standard model processes. The results are presented in terms of simpli fi ed models in which dark matter particles are produced through interactions involving a vector, axial-vector, scalar, or pseudoscalar mediator. Vector and axial-vector mediator particles with masses up to 1.95TeV, and scalar and pseudoscalar mediator particles with masses up to 100 and 430 GeV respectively, are excluded at 95% con fi dence level. The results are also interpreted in terms of the invisible decays of the Higgs boson, yielding an observed (expected) 95% con fi dence level upper limit of 0.44 (0.56) on the corresponding branching fraction. The results of this search provide the strongest constraints on the dark matter pair production cross section through vector and axial-vector mediators at a particle collider. When compared to the direct detection experiments, the limits obtained from this search provide stronger constraints for dark matter masses less than 5, 9, and 550 GeV, assuming vector, scalar, and axial-vector mediators, respectively. The search yields stronger constraints for dark matter masses less than 200 GeV, assuming a pseudoscalar mediator, when compared to the indirect detection results from Fermi-LAT

Search for natural supersymmetry in events with top quark pairs and photons in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Results are presented from a search for natural gauge-mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) in a scenario in which the top squark is the lightest squark, the next-to-lightest SUSY particle is a bino-like neutralino, and the lightest SUSY particle is the gravitino. The strong production of top squark pairs can produce events with pairs of top quarks and neutralinos, with each bino-like neutralino decaying to a photon and a gravitino. The search is performed using a sample of pp collision data accumulated by the CMS experiment at root s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The final state consists of a lepton (electron or muon), jets, and one or two photons. The imbalance in transverse momentum in the events is compared with the expected spectrum from standard model processes. No excess event yield is observed beyond the expected background, and the result is interpreted in the context of a general model of gauge-mediated SUSY breaking that leads to exclusion of top squark masses below 650-730 GeV

Observation of gamma(1S) pair production in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

Pair production of gamma(1S) mesons is observed at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 8 TeV by the CMS experiment in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.7 fb(-1). Both gamma(1S) candidates are fully reconstructed via their decays to mu(+) mu(-). The fiducial acceptance region is defined by an absolute gamma(1S) rapidity smaller than 2.0. The fiducial cross section for the production of gamma(1S) pairs, assuming that both mesons decay isotropically, is measured to be 68.8 +/- 12.7 (stat) +/- 7.4 (syst) +/- 2.8 (B) pb, where the third uncertainty comes from the uncertainty in the branching fraction of gamma(1S) decays to mu(+) mu(-). Assuming instead that the gamma(1S) mesons are produced with different polarizations leads to variations in the measured cross section in the range from 38% to +36%

Observation of top quark pairs produced in association with a vector boson in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Measurements of the cross sections for top quark pairs produced in association with a W or Z boson are presented, using 8 TeV pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb(-1), collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Final states are selected in which the associated W boson decays to a charged lepton and a neutrino or the Z boson decays to two charged leptons. Signal events are identified by matching reconstructed objects in the detector to specific final state particles from t (t) over barW or t (t) over barZ decays. The t (t) over barW cross section is measured to be 382(-102)(+117) fb with a significance of 4.8 standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis. The t (t) over barZ cross section is measured to be 242(-55)(+65) fb with a significance of 6.4 standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis. These measurements are used to set bounds on five anomalous dimension-six operators that would affect the t (t) over barW and t (t) over barZ cross sections

Economie sociale et solidaire et territoires : un couple allant de soi ?

L’ancrage territorial constitue, avec le fonctionnement démocratique et la solidarité économique, l’une des caractéristiques majeures de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS). Loin de postuler une territorialité spontanée de l’ESS, nous proposons de réintégrer l’observation des dynamiques d’ESS dans les jeux de complémentarité, coopération ou concurrence propres aux processus de constructions territoriales. Le statut de l’ESS dans les transformations globales des modes de coordination des systèmes productifs territoriaux est d’abord analysé. Deux pistes de recherche concernant l’ESS et la gouvernance territoriale sont ensuite déclinées. La première concerne l’institutionnalisation de l’ESS en tant que secteur de l’action publique territoriale. La deuxième interroge le postulat d’une congruence parfaite entre le tournant horizontal et territorial de l’action publique et les objectifs affichés de l’ESS.Like democratic management and economic solidarity, local embeddedness is one of the main features of the social and solidarity economy. Far from arguing that the social and solidarity economy is naturally embedded in the community, we propose to bring the observed dynamics of the social and solidarity economy back into the complementarity, cooperation or competition specific to the processes of territorial constructions. The role of the social and solidarity economy in the global transformation of the coordination of territorial productive systems is then examined. Two lines of research concerning the social and solidarity economy and territorial governance are presented. The first concerns the institutionalisation of the social and solidarity economy as a sector of local community action. The second questions the premise that the horizontal and territorial transformation of local community action and the declared objectives of the social and solidarity economy are perfectly compatible

Search for natural supersymmetry in events with top quark pairs and photons in pp collisions at √‾<i>s</i> = 8 TeV

Results are presented from a search for natural gauge-mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) in a scenario in which the top squark is the lightest squark, the next-to-lightest SUSY particle is a bino-like neutralino, and the lightest SUSY particle is the gravitino. The strong production of top squark pairs can produce events with pairs of top quarks and neutralinos, with each bino-like neutralino decaying to a photon and a gravitino. The search is performed using a sample of pp collision data accumulated by the CMS experiment at √‾s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The final state consists of a lepton (electron or muon), jets, and one or two photons. The imbalance in transverse momentum in the events is compared with the expected spectrum from standard model processes. No excess event yield is observed beyond the expected background, and the result is interpreted in the context of a general model of gauge-mediated SUSY breaking that leads to exclusion of top squark masses below 650–730 GeV