Persistência dos efeitos da escarificação sobre a compactação de Nitossolo sob plantio direto em região subtropical úmida.

Avalia a persistência dos efeitos da escarificação sobre a compactação de Nitossolo Vermelho, manejado sob plantio direto (PD), na região subtropical úmida do Brasil. O experimento foi realizado em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos, constituídos pelo tempo de manutenção do solo sob PD após escarificação: PD contínuo por 24 meses após escarificação, realizada setembro de 2009; PD contínuo por 18 meses após escarificação, realizada em março de 2010; PD contínuo por 12 meses após escarificação, realizada em setembro de 2010; PD contínuo por seis meses após escarificação, realizada em março de 2011; plantio realizado em solo recém escarificado, em setembro de 2011; e PD contínuo e sem escarificação (testemunha). As espécies cultivadas na área foram: milho, safra 2009/2010; trigo, em 2010; soja, safra 2010/2011; centeio, em 2011; e milho, safra 2011/2012. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados a partir de parâmetros físicos do solo e de parâmetros morfológicos e produtivos da cultura do milho, na safra 2011/2012. A escarificação do Nitossolo sob plantio direto, em região de clima subtropical úmido, não aumenta a produtividade de grãos de milho, e os seus efeitos sobre a estrutura do solo não persistem por mais de 18 meses

Efeito de iscas tóxicas sobre o parasitoide Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de iscas tóxicas sobre o parasitoide D. longicaudata por meio de testes por ingestão

AKAPS act in a two-step mechanism of memory acquisition

Defining the molecular and neuronal basis of associative memories is based upon behavioral preparations that yield high performance due to selection of salient stimuli, strong reinforcement, and repeated conditioning trials. One of those preparations is the Drosophila aversive olfactory conditioning procedure where animals initiate multiple memory components after experience of a single cycle training procedure. Here, we explored the analysis of acquisition dynamics as a means to define memory components and revealed strong correlations between particular chronologies of shock impact and number experienced during the associative training situation and subsequent performance of conditioned avoidance. Analyzing acquisition dynamics in Drosophila memory mutants revealed that rutabaga (rut)-dependent cAMP signals couple in a divergent fashion for support of different memory components. In case of anesthesia-sensitive memory (ASM) we identified a characteristic two-step mechanism that links rut-AC1 to A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAP)-sequestered protein kinase A at the level of Kenyon cells, a recognized center of olfactory learning within the fly brain. We propose that integration of rut-derived cAMP signals at level of AKAPs might serve as counting register that accounts for the two-step mechanism of ASM acquisition

Palpita forficifera vem sendo estudada no Laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa Clima Temperado. Estão sendo conduzidos experimentos visando disponibilizar informações sobre o seu desenvolvimento e as relações com os fatores bióticos e abióticos, além de possíveis estratégias de manejo.

bitstream/item/185575/1/Dori-Palpita-forficifera-final.pd

Trichopria anastrephae as a Biological Control Agent of Drosophila suzukii in Strawberries.

Abstract: In South America, the resident pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Costa Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) is a potential biological control agent of the pest Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae). In the present study, we (1) examined the behavior of T. anastrephae towards diferent host (D. suzukii) and host-substrate (strawberry) cues in choice and non-choice bioassays in laboratory, and (2) examined the density-dependent parasitism of T. anastrephae in D. suzukiiinfested strawberries in a greenhouse. When given a choice, female parasitoids walked longer over chambers with fruits infested with eggs, larvae, or pupae of D. suzukii, when compared to healthy uninfested strawberries, and over overripe fruits when compared to unripe or ripe fruits. In the greenhouse assay, we observed an increase in parasitism and a decrease in the number of D. suzukii emerging per fruit with an increase in the number of parasitoids released. Our results allow a better understanding of the behavior and parasitism of T. anastrephae in D. suzukii-infested strawberries and provide useful data for potential biological control programs using this parasitoid

Reproductive Biology of Trichopria anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a Biological Control Agent of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

Abstract: Hymenopteran parasitoids, like any other insect, employ strategies to ensure their reproduction. Understanding these strategies is important for ecological purposes, but also to improve mass rearing of biological control agents. Here, we describe mating strategies used by the pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a potential biocontrol agent, that has been considered for augmentative releases for management of the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). We studied the emergence pattern of males and females of T. anastrephae and the efects of parental ae on ofspring number and sex ratio. Polygamy was also studied and its efects on parasitism and ofspring production were described. Adults from this species emerge in the frst hours of photophase, and males emerge before females, demonstrating that T. anastrephae is a protandrous species. Parasitoid age when frst mated infuences the parasitism and sex ratio. Younger females result in a higher number of ofspring (8.16 parasitoids/day), while older males result in a more female-biased sex ratio of ofspring (64% females). Both males and females are polygamic, and the order in which a female is mated by the male afects parasitism, viability of parasitized pupae, and sex ratio of ofspring, with the frst female performing the highest parasitism and sex ratio (63.83 and 61% of females, respectively), but the lowest viability (92.92%). Females that are allowed to mate multiple times generate lower numbers of ofspring (113.05 parasitoids) when compared to virgin or single-mated females (135.20 and 130.70 parasitoids, respectively), but the highest sex ratio (49% of females). Data present in this study and how it can be used to improve parasitoid rearing and feld releases of T. anastrephae, in biological control programs for D. suzukii are discussed