Diagnosis and terminology in hypogonadism

Hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency) is a clinical and biochemical syndrome that stems from a reduced production of testosterone and sperm cells by the testis. It can adversely affect multiple bodily systems and is associated with a marked decrease in quality of life. Hypogonadism is primarily classified according to it being a congenital or acquired disorder; the anatomical level of dysfunction: at testicular (primary hypogonadism), hypothalamic- pituitary (secondary hypogonadism) or combined levels and recognises affected men with idiopathic, metabolic or iatrogenic conditions resulting in testosterone deficiency. Treatment decisions should include lifestyle measures and a holistic review of the patient. // This chapter aims at: 1. Shedding some light on definitions and terminology in patients with testosterone deficiency (hypogonadal patients). // 2. Outlining its epidemiology. // 3. Exploring the underlying pathophysiology. // 4. Discussing issues surrounding diagnosis. // 5. Drawing a conclusion