Caladium bicolor and Wild Dioscorea dumetorum Starches As Dual Purpose Polymer Additive

Increased elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength of low density polyethylene has been achieved by incorporating Caladium bicolor (ornamental cocoyam) and wild Dioscorea dumetorum (sweet yam) starches into low density polyethylene using a standard hot-melt compounding technique. Some mechanical properties of compression moulded dumb bell shaped films of low density polyethylene containing up to a maximum of 20 wt % of each starch is reported. Increased density of the composite with time after being buried for a total of 12 weeks in composting environment is an evidence of the degradation of LDPE which may be linked to an initial breakdown of starch by microorganism in the soil which probably give rise to diffusion of unsaturated lipids into the porous polymer resulting in degradation by auto-oxidation. @JASE

From Text to Insights: NLP-Driven Classification of Infectious Diseases Based on Ecological Risk Factors

Numerous factors can affect the development of infectious diseases that emerge. While many are the result of natural procedures, such as the gradual emergence of viruses over time, certain ones are the result of human activity. Human activities form an integral part of our ecosystem, and especially the ecological aspect of human activities can encourage disease transmission. Additionally, Health ecologists examine changes in the biological, physical, social, and economic settings to understand how these alterations impact the mental and physical well-being of individuals. Hence, this research adopts a Framework-Based Method (FBM) in carrying out the task of classification of infectious diseases. The Framework-Based Method outlines all phases that this research follows to carry out the infectious disease classification process, providing a structured and reproducible approach. Results show that: XGB: Confusion matrix accuracy: 76%, Kappa: 73%, RF: Confusion matrix accuracy: 65%, Kappa: 60%, SVM: Confusion matrix accuracy: 63%, Kappa: 58%, ANN: Confusion matrix accuracy: 71%, Kappa: 67%, LDA: Confusion matrix accuracy: 76%, Kappa: 73%, GBM: Confusion matrix accuracy: 60%, Kappa: 53%, KNN: Confusion matrix accuracy: 43%, Kappa: 34%, and DT: Confusion matrix accuracy: 37%, Kappa: 29%. Furthermore, a Deep Learning model BERT was integrated with the best classification model XGBoots to create an interactive interface for users to carry out infectious disease classification. This integration enhances user experience and accessibility, contributing to the practical application of machine learning and Natural language processing in ecological disease classificatio

CORROSION INHIBITOR COMPOSITION AND METHODS OF INHIBITING CORROSION DURING ACID PICKLING

A corrosion inhibitor composition , which includes i ) an aqueous alcohol base fluid , ii ) a mixture of at least three polysaccharides selected from carboxymethyl cellulose , gum arabic , pectin , a salt of alginic acid , chitosan , dextran , hydroxyethyl cellulose , and soluble starch , with each poly saccharide that is present in the mixture being present in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5 wt . % , based on a total weight of the corrosion inhibitor composition , iii ) silver nanoparticles , and iv ) a pineapple leaves extract . A method of inhibiting corrosion of metal during acid cleaning / pickling whereby the metal is treated with an acidic treatment fluid containing an acid and the corrosion inhibitor composition

KINETIC AND EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES OF ADSORPTION OF LEAD (II) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING COIR DUST (Cocos nucifera L.) AND IT’S MODIFIED EXTRACT RESINS

Metal detoxification of waste water and industrial effluents are of increasing importance to industrialization in the twenty first century. The ability of coconut (cocos nucifera L) coir dust (CD), carbohydrate toluenediisocyanate resin (CTR) and sulphonated toluenediisocyanate resin (STR) to remove Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by ion exchange was studied. Percentage ion exchange efficiency of the resins were found to increase in the order CD(65)> CTR(52) >STR(48). The extent of removal of Pb(II) was found to be dependent of contact time, temperature and initial metal concentration. The optimum time and pH were found to be 60 mins and 7.0 respectively for the three resins. The adsorption studied include both equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics. Several isotherm models were investigated and the adsorption isotherm data were best represented by Freundlich and Flory-Huggins isotherms due to the observe high correction coefficient of 0.847, 0.944 and 0.902 for Frenudlich and 0.802, 0.963 for CD and CTR with Flory-Huggins model for the equilibrium studies. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model as indicate by the high value of correlation coefficient R2 and rate constant K2 as 0.725, 0.94 and 0.858 for CD, CTR and STR. The result indicate that CD, CTR and STR could be employed as an alternative, low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from solutions and thus decontaminating industrial effluents

Biopolymer Composites and Nanocomposites for Corrosion Protection of Industrial Metal Substrates

Corrosion is a critical problem that can be found in all industries worldwide. Corrosion is particularly serious in the petroleum industry, due to the large amounts of metallic based assets located throughout the entire supply chain. Annual costs of corrosion and its consequences are estimated to be 3 – 5 % of GDP for developed countries of the world. Corrosion mitigation strategies adopted by some industries include materials selection, coatings and linings, cathodic protection and the use of corrosion inhibitors amongst others. The use of biopolymers for corrosion protection of industrial metal substrates particularly as corrosion inhibitors has generated interest globally because they are considered as environmentally friendly in addition to the possession of multiple adsorption centres. However, it is found that most biopolymers studied function as moderate corrosion inhibitors. Some of the steps taken to offset this drawback include copolymerization, addition of substances to exert synergistic action as well as the incorporation of inorganic substances in nano-size into the biopolymer matrix in order to improve the corrosion inhibition performances of the biopolymers. The application of biopolymer composites and nanocomposites as anticorrosion materials has shown promising results and is believed to form metal chelate which could block metal surfaces from aggressive ions present in corrosive media. In this chapter, the application of composites and nanocomposites of biopolymers such as chitosan, carboxyl methylcellulose, gum Arabic, Xanthan gum for corrosion protection of industrial metal substrates in different corrosive media is discussed

METHOD FOR INHIBITING METAL CORROSION DURING ACID CLEANING OR PICKLING

A corrosion inhibitor composition , which includes i ) an aqueous alcohol base fluid , ii ) a mixture of at least three polysaccharides selected from carboxymethyl cellulose , gum arabic , pectin , a salt of alginic acid , chitosan , dextran , hydroxyethyl cellulose , and soluble starch , with each poly saccharide that is present in the mixture being present in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5 wt . % , based on a total weight of the corrosion inhibitor composition , iii ) silver nanoparticles , and iv ) a pineapple leaves extract . A method of inhibiting corrosion of metal during acid cleaning / pickling whereby the metal is treated with an acidic treatment fluid containing an acid and the corrosion inhibitor composition

An overview on the use of corrosion inhibitors for the corrosion control of Mg and its alloys in diverse media

The limiting factor towards the utilization of Mg and its alloys especially in aqueous environment is their low corrosion resistance occasioned by their high chemical reactivity and high electron negative potential. The corrosion inhibitor technology is one of the effective corrosion mitigation approaches. In this review, inorganic, organic (surfactants, ionic liquids, and Schiff bases), and polymeric substances reported as corrosion inhibitors for Mg and its alloys are discussed. Smart coatings containing corrosion inhibitors for Mg and its alloys are also highlighted. The drawbacks on current researches involving corrosion inhibitors for Mg and its alloys have been identified and the path to chart in future researches in this area recommended

Corrosion Inhibition of Rumex vesicarius Mediated Chitosan-AgNPs Composite for C1018 CS in CO2-Saturated 3.5% NaCl Medium under Static and Hydrodynamic Conditions

Rumex vesicarius (RVE) mediated chitosan–AgNPs composite was produced in situ by using an aqueous extract of Rumex vesicarius leaves as the reducing agent to reduce Ag+ to Ag0. The synthesized composite was evaluated as a sweet (CO2) corrosion inhibitor (CI) for C1018 carbon steel (CS) in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution under static and hydrodynamic conditions. The corrosion inhibitive performance was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on corroded C1018 CS without and with additives. The effect of concentration, immersion time, temperature, and rotation speed on the CI performance of the composite was also investigated. The corrosion inhibitive effect increased with increasing composite dosage, with the highest inhibition efficiency (IE) acquired at the maximum composite dosage of 0.3%. Beyond this concentration, the IE decline with increasing concentration. Furthermore, IE was found to increase with immersion time and decline with a temperature rise from 25 to 40 �C, with the optimum temperature of 60 �C found to accelerate corrosion without and with RVE-mediated Chi–AgNPs composite. Under high shear stress, the Chi–AgNPs composite exhibits moderate corrosion inhibition under hydrodynamic conditions. The surface analysis results validate the formation of a protective covering due to composite adsorption on the CS surface. The RVE-mediated chitosan–AgNPs composite could be recommended as a CI for C1018 CS in sweet (CO2) corrosion environments at ambient temperatur

BIOMEDIATED - TITANIUM NANOCOMPOSITE FOR CORROSION PROTECTION

The present invention relates to a method of inhibiting corrosion of steel in contact with a corrosive solution . The method involves mixing an olive leaf extract titanium nano composite with the corrosive solution . The olive leaf extract titanium nanocomposite may be made by reducing TiC14 with an olive leaf extract , which forms nanoparticles with an average size of 50-100 nm