Similarities and variances in perception of professionalism among Saudi and Egyptian Medical Students

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Professionalism has a number of culturally specific elements, therefore, it is imperative to identify areas of congruence and variations in the behaviors in which professionalism is understood in different countries. This study aimed to explore and compare the recommendation of sanctions by medical students of College of Medicine, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and students from three medical colleges in Egypt. METHODS: The responses were recorded using an anonymous, self-administered survey “ Dundee Polyprofessionalism Inventory I: Academic Integrity”. In the study 750 medical students of College of Medicine, KSU, Riyadh were invited and a questionnaire was electronically sent. They rated the importance of professionalism lapses by choosing from a hierarchical menu of sanctions for first time lapses with no justifying circumstances. These responses were compared with published data from 219 students from three medical schools in Egypt. RESULTS: We found variance for 23 (76.66%) behaviors such as “physically assaulting a university employee or student” and “plagiarizing work from a fellow student or publications/internet”. We also found similarities for 7 (23.33%) behaviors including “lack of punctuality for classes” and drinking alcohol over lunch and interviewing a patient in the afternoon”, when comparing the median recommended sanctions from medical students in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. CONCLUSION: There are more variances than congruence regarding perceptions of professionalism between the two cohorts. The students at KSU were also found to recommend the sanction of “ignore” for a behavior, a response, which otherwise was absent from Egyptian cohort

Your professionalism is not my professionalism:congruence and variance in the views of medical students and faculty about professionalism

Abstract Background Medical professionalism is an essential aspect of medical education and practice worldwide and it must be adopted according to different social and cultural contexts. We examined the current congruence and variance in the perception of professionalism in undergraduate medical students and faculty members in one medical school in Saudi Arabia. Methods The target population was first year to final year medical students of College of Medicine, King Saud University. Out of a total of 1431 students at College of Medicine 750 students (52 %) participated in the study. Fifty faculty members from clinical and non-clinical departments of the College of Medicine were randomly selected for this study and all participated in the study. The respondents recorded their responses through the Bristol online survey system, using a bilingual (English and Arabic) version of the Dundee Polyprofessionalism Inventory I: Academic integrity, which has 34 items. Results There are 17 lapses (50 % of the total) in professional behaviour where none of the faculty recommend the ignore sanction while students recommended a variable ignore sanction in a range of 6–29 % for different behaviours. Students and faculty recommended similar sanctions for 5 lapses (14.7 % of the total) in professional behaviours. Furthermore, there is statistically significant two level difference between the sanctions approved by faculty and students in the recommended sanctions for 12 lapses (35 % of the total (p < 0.050). Conclusions These results raised concerns in relation to the students’ understanding of professionalism. It is therefore, important to enhance their learning around the attributes of medical professionalism

Effect of 5-minute movies shown via a mobile phone app on risk factors and mortality after stroke in a low- to middle-income country: Randomized controlled trial for the stroke caregiver dyad education intervention (Movies4Stroke)

Background: Pakistan is the sixth most populous nation in the world and has an estimated 4 million stroke survivors. Most survivors are taken care of by community-based caregivers, and there are no inpatient rehabilitation facilities.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of locally designed 5-min movies rolled out in order of relevance that are thematically delivered in a 3-month program to deliver poststroke education to stroke survivor and caregiver dyads returning to the community.Methods: This study was a randomized controlled, outcome assessor–blinded, parallel group, single-center superiority trial in which participants (stroke survivor-caregiver dyads) with first-ever stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic) incidence were randomized within 48 hours of their stroke into either the video-based education intervention group or the control group. The video-based education intervention group had health education delivered through short videos that were shown to the participants and their caregivers at the time of admission, before discharge, and the first and third months of follow-up after discharge. The control group had standardized care including predischarge education and counseling according to defined protocols. All participants enrolled in the video education intervention and control groups were followed for 12 months after discharge for outcome assessment in the outpatient stroke clinics. The primary outcome measures were the proportion of participants achieving control of blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood cholesterol in the video intervention versus the control group. Several predefined secondary outcomes were included in this study, of which we report the mortality and functional disability in this paper. Analysis was by performed using the intention-to-treat principle.Results: A total of 310 stroke survivors and their caregiver dyads (participant dyads) were recruited over a duration of 6 months. In total, 155 participant dyads were randomized into the intervention and control groups, each. The primary outcome of control of three major risk factors revealed that at 12 months, there was a greater percentage of participants with a systolic BP(18/54, 33% vs 11/52, 21%; P=.16), diastolic BP(44/54, 81% vs 37/52, 71%; P=.21), HbA1c levelP=.32), and low-density lipoprotein level/dL (36/51, 70% vs 30/45, 67%; P=.68) in the intervention group than in the control group. The secondary outcome reported is the mortality among the stroke survivors because the number of stroke-related complications was higher in the control group than in the intervention group (13/155, 8.4% vs 2/155, 1.3%), and this difference was statistically significant (P\u3c.001).Conclusions: The Movies4Stroke trial failed to achieve its primary specified outcome. However, secondary outcomes that directly related to survival skills of stroke survivors demonstrated the effectiveness of the video-based intervention on improving stroke-related mortality and survival without disability

Genome-wide meta-analysis associates HLA-DQA1/DRB1 and LPA and lifestyle factors with human longevity

Genomic analysis of longevity offers the potential to illuminate the biology of human aging. Here, using genome-wide association meta-analysis of 606,059 parents' survival, we discover two regions associated with longevity (HLA-DQA1/DRB1 and LPA). We also validate previous suggestions that APOE, CHRNA3/5, CDKN2A/B, SH2B3 and FOXO3A influence longevity. Next we show that giving up smoking, educational attainment, openness to new experience and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are most positively genetically correlated with lifespan while susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD), cigarettes smoked per day, lung cancer, insulin resistance and body fat are most negatively correlated. We suggest that the effect of education on lifespan is principally mediated through smoking while the effect of obesity appears to act via CAD. Using instrumental variables, we suggest that an increase of one body mass index unit reduces lifespan by 7 months while 1 year of education adds 11 months to expected lifespan

A study on low velocity impact response of fgm rectangular plates with 3d elasticity based gradedfinite element modeling

Low velocity impact behavior of rectangular plates made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) based on three-dimensional theory of elasticity is studied in this paper. The modified Hertz contact law, which is appropriate for graded materials, is employed. On the basis of the principle of minimum potential energy and the Rayleigh Ritz method, the graded finite element modeling is applied. Solution of the nonlinear resulted system of equations in the time domain is accomplished via an iterative numerical procedure based each time on Newmark's integration method. The effects of various involved parameters, such as the graded property profile, projectile velocity and projectile density on time histories of contact force, lateral deflection and normal stresses are investigated in detail. To present efficiency of the present work, several numerical examples are included. The main novelty of the present research, which has not been reported in literature, is considering the difference of lateral deflection through the thickness of the FGM plate due to analyzing three-dimensional elasticity of the plate

Psycho-Social and Economic Problems Faced by Parent’s of Children with Epilepsy

Parents of epilepsy children face various issues that are neglected by the society. On a regular basis an epilepsy child needs care so parents take away their time for other commitments, leisure and personal care. Unfortunately this issue has drawn very little attention, so the present study is to examine the problems faced by parents of children with epilepsy. The study was conducted at The Neurology Department of The Children’s Hospital &amp; the Institute of Child Health Multan, Pakistan from 1st March 2018 to 30th August 2018. A structured interview schedule was administered to parents of 100 children aged between 01-12 years and having epilepsy disease for more than 6 month period. Of the 100 respondents majority of the respondents were male 71(71.0%) while 29(29%) of the respondents were female. About 50(50%) of respondents were aged between 25-35 years. About 37(37.0%) respondents’ family monthly income was 15000-25000/- PKR. High levels of depression (42%), and anger (31%) were found among parents. A majority (77%) of parents admitted that their social life was disturbed due to child’s epilepsy. Their psychological condition was also disturbed due to child’s epilepsy. Economically they faced multiple problems like the cost of drugs (96%) doctor fees (83%) and hospitalization charges (22%). The study concluded that parents’ daily life and social activities significantly were exaggerated; they had been experiencing depression, frustration, guilt, helplessness and had decreased visiting their friends and relatives, and watched less TV and fewer videos. Results indicated that parents of children with epilepsy had faced many hitches. Appropriate interventions are required to sustenance these parents so that they might advance their economic and societal conditions

Dynamic and static analysis of FGM skew plates with 3D elasticity based graded finite element modeling

The present article deals with static and dynamic behavior of functionally graded skew plates based on the three-dimensional theory of elasticity. On the basis of the principle of minimum potential energy and the Rayleigh Ritz method, the equations of motion are derived in conjunction with the graded finite element approach. Solution of the resulted system of equations in time domain is carried out via Newmark's time integration method. Calculations are applied for fully clamped boundary condition. In the present paper, two different sets of distributions for material properties are considered. For the static analysis, material properties are considered to vary through the thickness direction according to an exponential law. In the case of dynamic analysis, variations of the volume fractions through the thickness are assumed to obey a power law function. Thus, the effective material properties at each point are determined by the Mori-Tanaka scheme. In case of dynamic analysis, the results are obtained for uniform step loadings. The effects of material gradient index and skew angle on displacement components and stress response are studied. Results of present formulations are verified by available results of a functionally graded rectangular plate for different boundary conditions and also compared with result of a homogenous skew plate by commercial FEM software