Allyl Isothiocyanate that Induces GST and UGT Expression Confers Oxidative Stress Resistance on C. elegans, as Demonstrated by Nematode Biosensor

Electrophilic xenobiotics and endogenous products from oxidative stresses induce the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which form a large family within the phase II enzymes over both animal and plant kingdoms. The GSTs thus induced in turn detoxify these external as well as internal stresses. Because these stresses are often linked to ageing and damage to health, the induction of phase II enzymes without causing adverse effects would be beneficial in slowing down ageing and keeping healthy conditions. for use as a nematode biosensor. With the nematode biosensor, we found that AITC induced GST expression and conferred tolerance on the nematode against various oxidative stresses. We also present evidence that the transcription factor SKN-1 is involved in regulating the GST expression induced by AITC.We show the applicability of the nematode biosensor for discovering and evaluating functional food substances and chemicals that would provide anti-ageing or healthful benefits

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52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Acrylamide-responsive genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegan

Establishment and characterization of a novel vincristine‐resistant diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma cell line containing the 8q24 homogeneously staining region

Chromosome band 8q24 is the most frequently amplified locus in various types of cancers. MYC has been identified as the primary oncogene at the 8q24 locus, whereas a long noncoding gene, PVT1, which lies adjacent to MYC, has recently emerged as another potential oncogenic regulator at this position. In this study, we established and characterized a novel cell line, AMU‐ML2, from a patient with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), displaying homogeneously staining regions at the 8q24 locus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization clearly detected an elevation in MYC copy numbers corresponding to the homogenously staining region. In addition, a comparative genomic hybridization analysis using high‐resolution arrays revealed that the 8q24 amplicon size was 1.4 Mb, containing the entire MYC and PVT1 regions. We also demonstrated a loss of heterozygosity for TP53 at 17p13 in conjunction with a TP53 frameshift mutation. Notably, AMU‐ML2 cells exhibited resistance to vincristine, and cell proliferation was markedly inhibited by MYC‐shRNA‐mediated knockdown. Furthermore, genes involved in cyclin D, mTOR, and Ras signaling were downregulated following MYC knockdown, suggesting that MYC expression was closely associated with tumor cell growth. In conclusion, AMU‐ML2 cells are uniquely characterized by homogenously staining regions at the 8q24 locus, thus providing useful insights into the pathogenesis of DLBCL with 8q24 abnormalities