426 research outputs found
Bulge- and Basal Layer-Specific Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor-13 (FHF-2) in Mouse Skin
A variety of polypeptide growth factors are involved in the dynamic maintenance of the skin and hair. Here, we demonstrate the presence of high levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-13 in the bulge region of hair follicles. Using real-time PCR, we found that expression of FGF-13 mRNA is comparable to, or higher than, that of other FGF known to regulate hair growth and wound healing. To gain additional insight into the function of FGF-13, we evaluated its distribution using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining. Unlike other FGF, the distribution of FGF-13 mRNA and protein in adult mice was mainly restricted to cells in the bulge region of hair follicles, although lower levels were detected with less frequency in keratinocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. FGF-13 protein was detectable in the bulge region throughout the hair growth cycle, but its distribution was especially wide during telogen and early anagen. During hair follicle morphogenesis in newborn mice, FGF-13 protein was first detected in the bulge region and basal layer keratinocytes 3 d after birth. These findings suggest that FGF-13 may play a role in regulating the function of cells in the bulge region and basal layer of the epidermis
Determination of Penetration Depth of Transverse Spin Current in Ferromagnetic Metals by Spin Pumping
Spin pumping in nonmagnetic/ferromagnetic metal multilayers is studied both
theoretically and experimentally. We show that the line widths of the
ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectrum depend on the thickness of the
ferromagnetic metal layers, which must not be in resonance with the oscillating
magnetic field. We also show that the penetration depths of the transverse spin
current in ferromagnetic metals can be determined by analyzing the line widths
of their FMR spectra. The obtained penetration depths in NiFe, CoFe and CoFeB
were 3.7 [nm], 2.5 [nm] and 12.0 [nm], respectively.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures
A Criterion for Choosing Between Nominative Case Marker GA, Topic Marker WA, and Zero Pronouns in Japanese
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