How can one kill someone twice in Indonesian? Causal pluralism at the syntax-semantics interface

This paper investigates the non-culminating, zero change-of-state construal of causative accomplishment verbs as well as its origin in Indonesian in order to shed light on the event/conceptual structure of this verb class. The paper first presents novel data illustrating that this construal is possible with an agentive subject, but not with a causer subject, thereby lending support to the Agent Control Hypothesis (Demirdache and Martin 2015), which is known to regulate the relationship between agentivity and non-culmination. The paper then addresses the question of why Indonesian exhibits this agentive-sensitive distribution of the non-culminating interpretation. This fact is argued to follow from a close interaction of Martin's (2019) event-tokenization theory of two types of causation with the maximality requirement of the weak perfective operator (Altshuler 2014) independently developed for languages such as Thai, Hindi and Chinese. The proposed analysis receives support from time-frame adverbials and different interpretations imposed on VP complementation under aspectual predicates

An alternative approach to comprehensive Gröbner bases

AbstractWe give an alternative definition of comprehensive Gröbner bases in terms of Gröbner bases in polynomial rings over commutative Von Neumann regular rings. Our comprehensive Gröbner bases are defined as Gröbner bases in polynomial rings over certain commutative Von Neumann regular rings, hence they have two important properties which do not hold in standard comprehensive Gröbner bases. One is that they have canonical forms in a natural way. Another one is that we can define monomial reductions which are compatible with any instantiation. Our comprehensive Gröbner bases are wider than Weispfenning’s original comprehensive Gröbner bases. That is there exists a polynomial ideal generated by our comprehensive Gröbner basis which cannot be generated by any of Weispfenning’s original comprehensive Gröbner bases

Revisiting stress propagation in a two-dimensional elastic circular disk under diametric loading

In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation of stress propagation in a two-dimensional elastic circular disk. To accurately describe the displacements and stress fields within the disk, we employ a scalar and vector potential approach, representing them as sums of Bessel functions. The determination of the coefficients for these expansions is accomplished in the Laplace space, where we compare the boundary conditions. By converting the inverse Laplace transforms into complex integrals using residue calculus, we successfully derive explicit expressions for the displacements and stress fields. Notably, these expressions encompass primary, secondary, and surface waves, providing a thorough characterization of the stress propagation phenomena within the disk. Our findings contribute to the understanding of mechanical behavior in disk-shaped components and can be valuable in the design and optimization of such structures across various engineering disciplines.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figure

Process parameters and their effect on metal transfer in gas metal arc welding: a driving force perspective

The version of record of this article, first published in Welding in the World, is available online at Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-023-01670-9.In gas metal arc welding (GMAW), the optimization of process parameters and the control of metal transfer is pivotal for achieving superior welding outcomes. This study meticulously examines the roles of core process parameters in metal transfer: wire extension and arc geometry, which includes arc length and inter-cathode distance. Using a unique MIG-based non-transferred arc system with symmetrically arranged tungsten cathodes we have achieved distinct control over wire feed rate and arc geometry, independent of the arc current. We investigate the interplay of these parameters and their consequential influence on the driving forces governing metal transfer. While increasing the wire extension enhanced inertial forces, it did not lead to consistent transitions in the metal transfer modes. In contrast, adjusting arc length and inter-cathode distance effectively controlled the electromagnetic force acting on molten droplets, as quantified by the arc spread angle θ . Notably, an increase in the arc spread angle resulted in the elongation of molten droplets. This study clarifies the fundamental relationships between driving forces and process parameters in GMAW. Additionally, it introduces a more advanced evaluation model for electromagnetic force and offers a comprehensive strategy for refining welding control techniques

Probabilistic risk assessment of solar particle events considering the cost of countermeasures to reduce the aviation radiation dose

太陽フレアによる被ばくの脅威から航空機搭乗者を「合理的」に護る --経済的損失リスクの定量化により最適な航空機運用指針の策定が可能に--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-09-03.Cosmic-ray exposure to flight crews and passengers, which is called aviation radiation exposure, is an important topic in radiological protection, particularly for solar energetic particles (SEP). We therefore assessed the risks associated with the countermeasure costs to reduce SEP doses and dose rates for eight flight routes during five ground level enhancements (GLE). A four-dimensional dose-rate database developed by the Warning System for Aviation Exposure to Solar Energetic Particles, WASAVIES, was employed in the SEP dose evaluation. As for the cost estimation, we considered two countermeasures; one is the cancellation of the flight, and the other is the reduction of flight altitudes. Then, we estimated the annual occurrence frequency of significant GLE events that would bring the maximum flight route dose and dose rate over 1.0 mSv and 80 μSv/h, respectively, based on past records of GLE as well as historically large events observed by the cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in tree rings and ice cores. Our calculations suggest that GLE events of a magnitude sufficient to exceed the above dose and dose rate thresholds, requiring a change in flight conditions, occur once every 47 and 17 years, respectively, and their conservatively-estimated annual risks associated with the countermeasure costs are up to around 1.5 thousand USD in the cases of daily-operated long-distance flights