Assessing Water Quality for Al-Diwaniyah River, Iraq Using GIS Technique

In this  study,  Al-Diwaniyah  River  within  Al-Diwaniyah  Governorate was monitored for a set of chemical, physical,and bacteriological parameters for the assessment of water quality during January to July 2018. Water quality maps for  this  river  were  plotted  torepresent  the  change  in  each  parameter  during  the study  period  using  GIS  program.  Three  sampling  stations  along  the  river  and eighteen parameters were selected: air temperature, water temperature, turbidity, pH  value,  electrical  conductivity  (EC),  biochemical  oxygen  demand  (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity, chloride, Sulfate, total suspended solids (TSS), total  dissolved  solids  (TDS),  calcium,  magnesium,  total  hardness,  lead,  total coliform,and  Escherichia  coli  bacteria.  The  results  explained  that the  water temperature  varied between (15-31) °C. pH  values ranged between (7.4-8.2) and river  water  was  considered  as  slightly  alkaline  with  alkalinity  concentrations between (124-176) mg/L. Most waterof the  river was very  hard according to the values of hardness that varied between (384-531) mg/L. The turbidity values of the river  ranged  between  (1.5-35.2)  NTU.Electrical  conductivity  was  between  (998-1380)  μs/cm.  Total  dissolved  solids  and  total  suspended  solids  were  their  values varied  between  (620-932)mg/L  and  (2-28)  mg/L  respectively.  It  was  found  that among  measured  positive  ions,  calcium  concentrations  were  higher  than  the magnesium  concentrations,  ranging  between  (71-175)  mg/L  and  (21-67)  mg/L respectively.  On  the  other  hand,  when  studying  Anions, sulfate  concentrations were  higher  than  chloride  concentrations  with  values  ranging  from  (152-339) mg/L  and  (101-167)  mg/L  respectively.  River  water  contained  dissolved  oxygen concentrations  ranging  (6.3-10.1)  mg/L  while  concentrations  of  biochemical oxygen  demand  varied  between  (0.6-7.6)  mg/L.  Lead  ranged  in  valuesbetween (0.001-0.017)  mg/L.  The  study  found  that  bacteriological  parameters,  including total coliform and E. coli, ranged between (500-1600) MPN/100ml and (30-1600) MPN/100ml respectively. In general, the parameters of Turbidity, SO4, BOD5, TC and E. coli have exceeded Iraqi standards for drinking water IQS: 417 while the rest  of  the  parameters  were  within  these  limits.  It  revealed  that  station  2  which was  located  only  at  ashort  distance  from  the  site  of  the  wastewater  treatment plant  was  more  polluted  than  the  other  two  stations.  The  results  showed  that  the water  of  the  river  is neithersuitable  for  drinking,  nor  suitable  for  swimming according  to  the  high  bacterial  pollution  in  addition  to  the danger  and  threat  to aquatic life but can be used for irrigation purposes

Evaluation of Combined Sewage Trunk System (East Bank Trunk) in Al-Rusafa Area, Baghdad City, Iraq

This study came because of problems that recently occurred in the sewerage trunk in Baghdadcity. In Rusafa, there are two main trunks (East Bank Trunk and Zublin Trunk) for the carry of sewage to the wastewater treatment plant in Rustamiyaha, some parts of Baghdad city were flooded due to high rainfall intensity in year 2013 and 2014 during winter for several days, the results obtained from the analysis showed that the design capacity of the transmission trunk of Baghdad does not meet the maximum operating conditions. It was also found that the hydraulic gradient is very low, which made the flow velocity less than the minimum recommended Self-cleansing velocity. This caused the deposition of particles that cause the blockage of the transmission main trunks

Evaluation of Combined Sewage Trunk System (East Bank Trunk) in Al-Rusafa Area, Baghdad City, Iraq

This study came because of problems that recently occurred in the sewerage trunk in Baghdadcity. In Rusafa, there are two main trunks (East Bank Trunk and Zublin Trunk) for the carry of sewage to the wastewater treatment plant in Rustamiyaha, some parts of Baghdad city were flooded due to high rainfall intensity in year 2013 and 2014 during winter for several days, the results obtained from the analysis showed that the design capacity of the transmission trunk of Baghdad does not meet the maximum operating conditions. It was also found that the hydraulic gradient is very low, which made the flow velocity less than the minimum recommended Self-cleansing velocity. This caused the deposition of particles that cause the blockage of the transmission main trunks