Driver drowsiness detection using Gray Wolf Optimizer based on voice recognition

Globally, drowsiness detection prevents accidents. Blood biochemicals, brain impulses, etc., can measure tiredness. However, due to user discomfort, these approaches are challenging to implement. This article describes a voice-based drowsiness detection system and shows how to detect driver fatigue before it hampers driving. A neural network and Gray Wolf Optimizer are used to classify sleepiness automatically. The recommended approach is evaluated in alert and sleep-deprived states on the driver tiredness detection voice real dataset. The approach used in speech recognition is mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and linear prediction coefficients (LPCs). The SVM algorithm has the lowest accuracy (71.8%) compared to the typical neural network. GWOANN employs 13-9-7-5 and 30-20-13-7 neurons in hidden layers, where the GWOANN technique had 86.96% and 90.05% accuracy, respectively, whereas the ANN model achieved 82.50% and 85.27% accuracy, respective

Sequential multi-stage extraction of biocompounds from Spirulina platensis: Combined effect of ohmic heating and enzymatic treatment

A sequential multi-stage procedure was applied on the extraction of biocompounds from Spirulina platensis. The process consisted in three steps: 1) aqueous extraction, using conventional thermal extraction (CE), ohmic heating (OH, 7V/cm), enzymatic treatment (EAE, 0.8 mgLysozyme/mL), or both OH and EAE combined; 2) ethanolic extraction; 3) CHCl3/MeOH extraction. The results evidenced that the combined OH-EAE extraction allowed selective recovery of phycobiliproteins in the 1st step, with increments of more than 100% in yield in comparison with CE. Pigments and lipids were selectively extracted in the 2nd step. The combination of OH and EAE in the 1st step resulted in higher amounts of extracted compounds in the following phases compared to processes using non-combined technologies. Results demonstrate that the intensification of extraction steps facilitates the use of environmentally friendly technologies in a multi-stage process capable of recovering and isolating different fractions with bio-functional properties, targeting waste reduction and circular economy. Industrial relevance Spirulina plantensis represents a potential biomass feedstock due to its potential as a source of compounds of great economic value (including antioxidants, proteins, lipids and natural pigments, in particular blue colorants). The combined use of ohmic heating and enzymes in the aqueous extraction step fosters the use of environmentally friendly technologies to implement sequential high yield and high purity extraction of the different valuable fractions with bio-functional properties, targeting waste reduction and contributing to the implementation of circular economy strategies. This can be integrated with a design of Industry 4.0 driving the development of new products.This research was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit, by program Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (MSCA-RISE; FODIAC; 778388) and by project OH2O - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029145 (funded by FCT, COMPETE2020 – Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program and European Fund for Regional Development - FEDER). Pedro Santos is recipient of a PhD fellowship supported by a doctoral advanced training (call NORTE-69-2015-15), funded by the European Social Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000036). Sílvia Miranda acknowledges the financial support provided by FCT through the Doctoral grant SFRH/BD/144188/2019. Spirulina platensis was kindly supplied by EVRA S.r.l. (Potenza, Italy).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The philosophy poetry of G.R. Derzhavin: the contrast of life and death

This article is devoted to the eshatological philosophical concept of the G.R. Derzhavins’ poetry. The author describes the presentation of the theme of death and its artistic transformation in the works of the poet as the reception of the Orthodox tradition, a kind of the cultural memory

Sociobiological perspective of anthropological curiosities

Sociobiology, which is systematic study of the biological basis of all forms of social behaviour (including sexual and prenatal behaviour) in organisms, examines the most complex forms of social behaviour and the organization of entire societies in order to discover genetic dependence. It all is fundamentally inspired by Darwinian theory of evolution by natural selection and employs methods typical of natural sciences. Sociobiology is now becaming interested in human being. Fully presented formulation of sociobiology of man took place in Edward O. Wilson’s books: On human nature, Genes, mind and culture and Promethean Fire, two of which arises from the cooperation with Charles J. Lumsden. The peculiarity of sociobiology depends on considering anthropological curiosities (mind, free will, culture) as fundamental in the biological process of shaping human being and regarding human behaviour as the idiosyncratic evolutionary adaptation of one among many primate species. As a result, there is a talk about gene-culture coevolution, secret of accelerated evolution of human brain. The further studies leads to the vision of new human science- the consilience of disciplines that were previously unconnected but their common ground is the mind. That is a new anthropology that wants to discover predispositions on which ethical precepts are based and in that way create a sophisticated form of social engineering. Facing these reflections based on scientific materialism there is a necessity to confront such pressing issues on the field of philosophy, which takes into account spiritual dimension (and free will) of human being as undoubted virtue given by God (Absolute)

Flood hazard - regions of frequent high water

Niezbędnym elementem przy określaniu obszarów występowania powodzi jest analiza warunków kształtowania się wezbrań. Wiadomo, że przy niekorzystnej koniunkcji zjawisk, w szczególności awarii wałów, wezbranie staje się powodzią. W artykule zdefiniowano wezbranie jako wzrost poziomu wody ponad tzw. stan alarmowy. Przeanalizowano wszystkie tego rodzaju zdarzenia w Polsce w okresie od 1946 do 2001 roku, precyzując genezę ich wystąpień. Wynikiem analizy jest ocena częstości występowania wezbrań różnych typów w poszczególnych regionach Polski. Badania są podstawą prac związanych z oceną zagrożenia powodziowego w Polsce

A single technique to correct various degrees of upper lid retraction in patients with Graves' orbitopathy

BACKGROUND: Several lengthening techniques have been proposed for upper eyelid retraction in patients with Graves' orbitopathy and variable rates of success have been reported. Most authors recommend different procedures for different degrees of retraction, but cannot prevent residual temporal retraction in a significant number of cases. The modified levator aponeurosis recession described by Harvey and colleagues, in which the lateral horn is cut completely, seems to be an exception to this rule, but was evaluated in a limited number of cases only. METHOD: The authors further modified Harvey's technique by dissecting the aponeurosis together with Müller's muscle of the tarsus and the conjunctiva medially only to the extent necessary to achieve an acceptable position and contour of the eyelid in upright position. They also used an Ethilon 6.0 suture, instead of Vicryl, on a loop. It is placed between the tarsal plate and the detached aponeurosis to prevent spontaneous disinsertion. This modification was used in 50 Graves' patients (78 eyelids) with a upper lid margin-limbus distance ranging from 1 to 7 mm and evaluated using strict criteria. RESULTS: A perfect or acceptable result was obtained in 23 of 28 patients (82%) with bilateral retraction and in 18 of 22 patients (82%) with unilateral retraction. Seven eyelids were overcorrected (too low) and three undercorrected, necessitating reoperation. All other eyelids had an almond-like contour and a lid crease of 10 mm or less. No complications except subcutaneous haematomas were seen. Two patients showed a recurrence of lid retraction 9 months after the operation. CONCLUSION: This technique is safe and efficacious and can be used for all degrees of eyelid retractio