Role of Dental Adult Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine

Statement of problem: Stem cell biology is today one of the most exciting field of research with promising possibilities in all spheres of medical and dental science. Erupting tooth and its allied structures have emerged as a valuable source of adult stem cells. A lot of research is going on around the world in the field of regenerative medicine with the help of adult dental stem cells, but a comprehensive review is missing. Purpose: This article provides an overview of different types of adult stem cells that have been isolated from teeth, includingdental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental follicle progenitor stem cells (DFPCs),and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) with their use in regenerative medicine. Materials and methods: The literature was acquired in a systematic search of the titles–DPSC, SHED, PDLSC, DFPC and SCAP on PubMed. Articles dealing with only regenerative medicine and in English language were selected for review. Results: A total of 1,211 articles were found on PubMed. The articles were then shortlisted according to the set criteria and a total of 53 articles were selected and the review was prepared. Conclusion: Dental adult stem cells have proved themselves to be of vast future use. Research has shown that these cells can differentiate into variety of cells, e.g. smooth muscle cells, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and neurons, etc. A cautious and systematic approach still needs to be adopted in embracing this technology

Cytomorphometric Analysis of Oral Mucosa in Diabetic Patients in Bhopal Region an In-Situ Study

Background: Diabetes is a common endocrine metabolic disorder and prevalence is increasing worldwide. In condition like diabetes, premalignant lesions and iron deficiency anemia; oral exfoliative cytology may be more appropriate as the invasive techniques lose viability. Aim: The study was conducted to analyze the cytomorphometric changes in exfoliated cells of oral mucosa as an adjunct to diagnosis of diabetes. Method: Samples were collected from buccal mucosa and divided into 2 groups; 100 diabetic patients (study) and 100 healthy individuals (control). The smears were stained with rapid Papanicolaou stain (PAP). Nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA) and cytoplasmic to nuclear ratio (CNR) were evaluated in 50 cells in each smear using Image analysis software (Magnus pro™) and research microscope (Lawrance & Mayo™). Results: Mean NA was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in study group whereas mean CA didn’t exhibit any statistically significant difference (p > 0.001). The mean CNR was significantly lower in study group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Clinical observations and results suggested morphologic and functional alterations in oral epithelial cells in diabetic patients; detectable by microscopic and cytomorphometric analysis using exfoliative cytology and can be used in diagnosis. &nbsp

Central hemangioma: A case report and review of literature

Hemangioma is a benign self-involuting tumor of endothelial cells. They are the most common benign congenital lesions in humans and are characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels. They are often present at birth or appear soon after, and grow rapidly by endothelial proliferation. This article presents a rare case of central hemangioma occurring in the mandible of a 13-year-old boy, and a brief review on clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics of central hemangiomas

Cytogenetic biomonitoring in petrol station attendants: A micronucleus study

Background: Benzene, which is a major organic product, on chronic exposure can result in many malignant disorders, and therefore exposure to gasoline vapors is classified by the International Agency for Research of Cancer as possible carcinogenic to humans. Petrol station attendants are chronically exposed to petroleum derivatives through inhalation of petrol during vehicle refuelling. Aim: This study is aimed to investigate cytogenotoxic damage in exfoliated buccal cells obtained from petrol station workers and control subjects using micronucleus (MN) test. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 30 petrol station attendants working at different petrol stations located in Indore. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects who were not exposed to benzene. Buccal cell samples were collected at the end of the work shift. Slides were stained and were evaluated to determine the MN frequencies. Exposure monitoring was performed by the detection of phenol excreted in the urine. Urinary phenol measurements were performed following the colorimetric quantitative determination method of Yamaguchi and Hayashi. Results: Variations in MN frequencies were seen in control and petrol bunk attendants. Conclusion: The MN test in exfoliated epithelial cells seems to be a useful biomarker of occupational exposure to genotoxic chemicals. Phenol is the principal metabolite of benzene. Therefore, phenol concentration in the urine of exposed workers can be used as a biomarker of external exposure

Odontogenic myxoma of the maxilla: A report of a rare case and review of the literature

Odontogenic myxoma represents an uncommon benign neoplasm comprising of 3–6% of all odontogenic tumors. This article presents a rare case of odontogenic myxoma occurring in the maxilla of a 7-year-old male patient with a brief review of the pathogenesis, clinical, radiological, histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of odontogenic myxoma