Estructura de las comunidades microbianas ruminales de ovejas alimentadas con diferentes dietas = Structure of ruminal microbial communities of sheep fed different diets

224 p.Se diseñaron varios experimentos con el fin de monitorizar las poblaciones microbianas en el rumen de ovejas a lo largo del periodo posprandial. El objetivo del primero fue analizar la diversidad bacteriana en pellets de bacterias aislados de las fases sólida (SAB) y líquida (LAB) de la digesta ruminal. Se utilizaron 4 dietas con proporciones forraje:concentrado 70:30 (HF) o 30:70 (HC) y con heno de alfalfa o heno de gramíneas como forraj

Betaine increases net portal absorption of volatile fatty acids in Iberian pigs

[EN] Betaine is an osmolyte with the potential to increase volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production and hence improve intestinal health.The present study investigated how betaine affects portal and arterial concentrations and net portal absorption (NPA) of VFA in growing Iberian pigs. Eight 30 kg BW Iberian growing barrows with indwelling catheters in portal vein, ileal vein and carotid artery were randomly assigned to a control diet or a diet supplemented with 0.5% betaine. Para-aminohippuric acid was infused into the ileal vein as a marker to determine portal blood flow using the dilution method. Blood samples were simultaneously taken from the carotid artery and portal vein at −60, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 min after feeding 1 200 g of the diet. The NPA of VFA (acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate and caproate) was determined by multiplying the porto-arterial plasma concentration differences by portal plasma flow. Betaine increased NPA of acetate (1.44 fold; P < 0.001) and total VFA (0.55 fold; P < 0.001) while decreased NPA of propionate (−0.38 fold; P < 0.05) and valerate (−1.46 fold; P < 0.05) compared with control pigs. Estimated heat production potentially derived from NPA of VFA accounted for 0.20–0.27 of metabolizable energy for maintenance. Acetate and propionate accounted for most of the total VFA estimated heat production (0.83–0.89). Regarding bacterial communities, betaine apparently did not change the DNA abundance of fecal total bacteria, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides and the Clostridium clusters I, IV and XIV. In conclusion, betaine increased portal appearance and NPA of VFA, contributing to cover maintenance energy requirementsSIThis research was supported by grant AGL2016-80231-R from Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain. M. Gómez-García was supported by grant LE131-18 from Junta de Castilla y León co-financed by the European Social Fun

Effect of Dietary Crude Protein on Animal Performance, Blood Biochemistry Profile, Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Carcass and Meat Quality of Heavy Fattening Assaf Lambs

[EN] Thirty Assaf male lambs (30 ± 1.9 kg of body weight) were allocated to three groups fed diets differing in their crude protein (CP) contents (low protein (LP), 134 g CP/kg dry matter (DM); medium protein (MP), 157 g CP/kg DM; and high protein (HP), 173 g CP/kg DM) to test the effect of dietary protein content on animal performance, rumen function, animal health, and carcass and meat quality. Feed intake was recorded daily, and animals were weighed every second week. Lambs were blood-sampled to determine their acid–base status and biochemical profile. After 70 days of trial, lambs were slaughtered, and the ruminal content was collected to assess ruminal fermentation. Finally, carcass and meat quality were evaluated. Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased (p 0.05) in the evaluated parameters in the rumen fluid of lambs. There were not significant differences in carcass or meat quality (p > 0.05) and in those parameters related to blood acid–base status. Several biochemical parameters showed differences depending on diet CP level (urea, protein, albumin, glucose, and calcium; p < 0.05). Feeding costs calculated in relation to cold carcass weight decreased when dietary CP decreased. The results suggested that a dietary protein content greater than 157 g/kg DM would be required to maximize growth performance in Assaf male fattening lambs under 50 kg of body weight. However, a protein content beyond that level was not found to improve either carcass or meat quality and could worsen profitabilitySIThis research was funded by Junta de Castilla y León, project CSI042 P17. C.S. acknowledges the receipt of a postdoctoral contract funded by the European Regional Development Fun

The Effect of Supplementation with Betaine and Zinc on In Vitro Large Intestinal Fermentation in Iberian Pigs under Heat Stress

[EN] We investigated the effects of betaine and zinc on the in vitro fermentation of pigs under heat stress (HS). Twenty-four Iberian pigs (43.4 ± 1.2 kg) under HS (30 °C) were assigned to treatments for 4 weeks: control (unsupplemented), betaine (5 g/kg), and zinc (0.120 g/kg) supplemented diet. Rectal content was used as the inoculum in 24-hincubations with pure substrates (starch, pectin, inulin, cellulose). Total gas, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), and methane production and ammonia concentration were measured. The abundance of total bacteria and several bacterial groups was assessed. Betaine increased the acetate production with pectin and inulin, butyrate production with starch and inulin, and ammonia concentration, and decreased propionate production with pectin and inulin. The abundance of Bifidobacterium and two groups of Clostridium decreased with betaine supplementation. Zinc decreased the production of SCFA and gas with starch and inulin, associated with diminished bacterial activity. Propionate production decreased with starch, pectin, and inulin while butyrate production increased with inulin, and isoacid production increased with cellulose and inulin in pigs supplemented with zinc. The ammonia concentration increased for all substrates. The Clostridium cluster XIV abundance decreased in pigs fed zinc supplemented diets. The results reported were dependent on the substrate fermented, but the augmented butyrate production with both betaine and zinc could be of benefit for the hostSIThis research was funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. grant AGL 2016-80231. Zaira Pardo received a scholarship FPI from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, reference BES-2017-081448

Conventional Feed-Grade or Slow-Release Coated Urea as Sources of Dietary Nitrogen for Fattening Lambs

[EN]Twenty-two Assaf male lambs (29.2 ± 0.9 kg live weight and 89 ± 0.2 days of age), distributed in two experimental groups, were used to evaluate the use of either feed-grade conventional urea (Control diet; n = 11) or slow-release urea (SRU diet; n = 11) as sources of dietary nitrogen on animal performance, ruminal fermentation, blood acid-base status, plasmatic metabolic profile, and carcass and meat quality. Animals were housed individually and fed ad libitum. At the end of the fattening period (day 70), the animals were slaughtered to compare the fermentation patterns in ruminal digesta and to evaluate the carcass and meat characteristics. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between treatments in the dry matter intake, final live weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion rate. Regarding the ruminal fermentation parameters, the molar proportion of propionic acid was higher (p 0.05) between experimental treatments in the blood acid-base status and biochemical profile, except for the concentration of urea in plasma, which was significantly (p 0.05) in the carcass and meat characteristics. In conclusion, the use of slow-release urea as a replacement for feed-grade conventional urea in the diet of Assaf fattening lambs, under the experimental conditions of this study, did not improve animal performance and increased the feeding costs.SIThis research was funded by JUNTA DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, project CSI042 P17. Cristina Saro acknowledges the receipt of a postdoctoral contract funded by the EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND

Effects of Thymbra capitata essential oil on in vitro fermentation end-products and ruminal bacterial communities

[EN[ An in vitro trial was carried out to investigate the effects of natural Thymbra capitata essential oil (NEO) and its main compounds [including carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene given alone or in a synthetic combination (SEO)] on ruminal fermentation and the bacterial community using batch cultures inoculated with ruminal digesta and incubating two different basal diets [high-forage (F) and high-concentrate (C) diet]. After 24 h of incubation, primary fermentation end-products [gas, methane, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia] and rumen microbial diversity were determined. NEO reduced the total VFA concentration (P 0.05) by any of the experimental treatments or diets evaluated. Microbial diversity analysis showed only a moderate effect of carvacrol and SEO on 13 genera, including, mainly, Atopobium and Blautia (involved in subacute ruminal acidosis) or Candidatus Saccharimonas (related to laminitis). In conclusion, T. capitata EO has a limited potential to attain nutritional or environmental benefits, but further research should be carried out to clarify its effects on animal health and microbial food safetySITis work was funded by CSIC (Proyectos Intramurales Especiales, 201940E115) and MUR (Direzione Generale dell’internazionalizzazione e della comunicazione Programma cooperazione internazionale PRIMA—Decreto Ministeriale 26 luglio 2016 n. 593) in the context of the MILKQUA-H2020-PRIMA 2018—Section 2. Alba Martín gratefully acknowledges receipt of a pre-doctoral grant (PRE2019-089288) from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, "El FSE invierte en tu futuro"

Microbial establishment in the calf rumen

International audienc

Utilización de subproductos en dietas de ovejas lecheras: efecto sobre las comunidades bacterianas ruminales = Using by-products in dairy sheep diets: effects on ruminal bacterial communities

España es el mayor productor de aceite de oliva del mundo. La extracción del aceite genera varios subproductos que pueden ser usados en alimentación animal. Uno de estos subproductos es el orujo de aceituna y está formado fundamentalmente por restos de pulpa y piel, ya que los huesos suelen eliminarse. Es un producto poco homogéneo, fibroso y con alto contenido en lignina (FEDNA, 2010) y cuyo valor nutritivo depende del aceite que contenga. Además, el orujo de aceituna contiene compuestos bioactivos con actividades antimicrobianas y antioxidantes (Uribe et al., 2014) que podrían ser beneficiosas para los animales, pero también podrían afectar a las poblaciones microbianas ruminales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de la inclusión de orujo graso de aceituna en la ración como sustituto de parte de la fracción fibrosa de una dieta estándar para ovino de leche sobre las comunidades bacterianas ruminales desarrolladas en fermentadores Rusitec

Utilización de subproductos en dietas de ovejas lecheras: efecto sobre las comunidades bacterianas ruminales = Using by-products in dairy sheep diets: effects on ruminal bacterial communities

España es el mayor productor de aceite de oliva del mundo. La extracción del aceite genera varios subproductos que pueden ser usados en alimentación animal. Uno de estos subproductos es el orujo de aceituna y está formado fundamentalmente por restos de pulpa y piel, ya que los huesos suelen eliminarse. Es un producto poco homogéneo, fibroso y con alto contenido en lignina (FEDNA, 2010) y cuyo valor nutritivo depende del aceite que contenga. Además, el orujo de aceituna contiene compuestos bioactivos con actividades antimicrobianas y antioxidantes (Uribe et al., 2014) que podrían ser beneficiosas para los animales, pero también podrían afectar a las poblaciones microbianas ruminales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de la inclusión de orujo graso de aceituna en la ración como sustituto de parte de la fracción fibrosa de una dieta estándar para ovino de leche sobre las comunidades bacterianas ruminales desarrolladas en fermentadores Rusitec

Changes in rumen metabolites from lambs fed a feed additive containing linseed oil and garlic essential oil

Session 2: Microbial ecosystem and herbivore nutritionChanges in rumen metabolites from lambs fed a feed additive containing linseed oil and garlic essential oil. 10. International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores (ISNH10