Enhanced Regularizers for Attributional Robustness

Deep neural networks are the default choice of learning models for computer vision tasks. Extensive work has been carried out in recent years on explaining deep models for vision tasks such as classification. However, recent work has shown that it is possible for these models to produce substantially different attribution maps even when two very similar images are given to the network, raising serious questions about trustworthiness. To address this issue, we propose a robust attribution training strategy to improve attributional robustness of deep neural networks. Our method carefully analyzes the requirements for attributional robustness and introduces two new regularizers that preserve a model's attribution map during attacks. Our method surpasses state-of-the-art attributional robustness methods by a margin of approximately 3% to 9% in terms of attribution robustness measures on several datasets including MNIST, FMNIST, Flower and GTSRB.Comment: 15 pages, 18 figures, Accepted at AAAI 202

Design and Analysis of a High Speed, Power Efficient 8 Bit ALU Based on SOI / SON MOSFET Technology

This paper shows an overall performance comparative analysis in terms of Average Power Consumption, Average Delay and Power-Delay Product for an 8 bit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) using bulk MOS, Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) and Silicon-on-Nothing (SON) technology. The entire design is done in 32nm technology for all the three cases (Bulk, SOI & SON) and then compared. The comparisons have been carried out with the help of the simulation runs on Synopsys HSpice tool, and that clearly indicates, for lower Supply Voltages (Vdd), SOI / SON technology provides a significant reduction in Average Power Consumption, Average Delay and Power-Delay Product compared to that of Bulk MOS technology. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3555

Spread and asymmetry of typical quantum coherence and their inhibition in response to glassy disorder

We consider the average quantum coherences of typical redits and qudits - vectors of real and complex Hilbert spaces - with the analytical forms stemming from the symmetry of Haar-uniformly distributed random pure states. We subsequently study the response to disorder in spread of the typical quantum coherence in response to glassy disorder. The disorder is inserted in the state parameters. Even in the absence of disorder, the quantum coherence distributions of redits and qudits are not uniform over the range of quantum coherence, and the spreads are lower for higher dimensions. On insertion of disorder, the spreads decrease. This decrease in the spread of quantum coherence distribution in response to disorder is seen to be a generic feature of typical pure states: we observe the feature for different strengths of disorder and for various types of disorder distributions, viz. Gaussian, uniform, and Cauchy-Lorentz. We also find that the quantum coherence distributions become less asymmetric with increase in dimension and with infusion of glassy disorder.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figure

Small and large scale genomic DNA isolation protocol for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), suitable for molecular marker and transgenic analyses

Chickpea is an important food legume crop with high nutritional value. Lack of appropriate DNA isolation protocol is a limiting factor for any molecular studies of this crop. The present report describes a rapid and efficient protocol for small and large scale preparation of superior quality and quantity of DNA from four cultivars (JG62, WR315, C235 and ICCV89314) compared to that of earlier reports. The yield of DNA through both the methods was estimated to be approximately 80 μg per g of plant tissue. Both small and large scale preparations were essentially suitable for PCR and Southern blot hybridization analyses, which are the key steps in crop improvement programme through marker development and genetic engineering techniques.Key words: Cicer arietinum L., phenolics, restriction enzyme digestion, PCR amplification, Southern hybridization

Design and Implementation of a Hybrid SET-CMOS Based Sequential Circuits

Single Electron Transistor is a hot cake in the present research area of VLSI design and Microelectron-ics technology. It operates through one-by-one tunneling of electrons through the channel, utilizing the Coulomb blockade Phenomenon. Due to nanoscale feature size, ultralow power dissipation, and unique Coulomb blockade oscillation characteristics it may replace Field Effect Transistor FET). SET is very much advantageous than CMOS in few points. And in few points CMOS is advantageous than SET. So it has been seen that Combination of SET and CMOS is very much effective in the nanoscale, low power VLSI circuits. This paper has given a idea to make different sequential circuits using the Hybrid SET-CMOS. The MIB model for SET and BSIM4 model for CMOS are used. The operations of the proposed circuits are verified in Tanner environment. The performances of CMOS and Hybrid SET-CMOS based circuits are compared. The hybrid SET-CMOS circuit is found to consume lesser power than the CMOS based circuit. Further it is established that hybrid SET-CMOS based circuit is much faster compared to CMOS based circuit. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2777

A Comparative Performance Study of Hybrid SET-CMOS Based Logic Circuits for the Estimation of Robustness

The urge of inventing a new low power consuming device for the post CMOS future technology has drawn the attention of the researchers on Single Electron Transistor [SET]. The two main virtues, ultra low power consumption [1] and ultra small dimension of SET [12, 13] have stimulated the researchers to consider it as a possible alternative. In our past paper [1] we have designed and simulated some basic gates. In this paper we have designed and simulated hybrid SET-CMOS based counter circuits, shift register to show that the hybrid SET-MOS based circuits consumes the lesser power than MOS based circuits. All the simulation were done and verified in Tanner environment using the MIB model for SET and the BSIM4.6.1 model for MOSFET. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3565

Reward Delay Attacks on Deep Reinforcement Learning

Most reinforcement learning algorithms implicitly assume strong synchrony. We present novel attacks targeting Q-learning that exploit a vulnerability entailed by this assumption by delaying the reward signal for a limited time period. We consider two types of attack goals: targeted attacks, which aim to cause a target policy to be learned, and untargeted attacks, which simply aim to induce a policy with a low reward. We evaluate the efficacy of the proposed attacks through a series of experiments. Our first observation is that reward-delay attacks are extremely effective when the goal is simply to minimize reward. Indeed, we find that even naive baseline reward-delay attacks are also highly successful in minimizing the reward. Targeted attacks, on the other hand, are more challenging, although we nevertheless demonstrate that the proposed approaches remain highly effective at achieving the attacker's targets. In addition, we introduce a second threat model that captures a minimal mitigation that ensures that rewards cannot be used out of sequence. We find that this mitigation remains insufficient to ensure robustness to attacks that delay, but preserve the order, of rewards.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, Conference on Decision and Game Theory for Securit

Total cross section measurements for positron scattering from acetone

We report results from total cross section measurements for positron-acetone scattering. The energy range of these experiments was 0.2-23 eV, while the energy resolution of our positron beam was ~260 meV. The present data clearly highlight the important role played by the strong permanent dipole moment and significant dipole polarisability of the acetone molecule on the low-energy scattering dynamics of this system. For positron energies above about 6 eV the present data is found to be in quite good agreement with the only other total cross section results available in the literature from the Yamaguchi group, however, at lower energies the level of agreement is rather poor. To the best of our knowledge, no theoretical calculations are currently available for positron-acetone scattering