New York’s Raise the Age Law: Restoring the Juvenile Justice System Leaves Courts Legislating from the Bench

With New York’s enactment of the Raise the Age law, the State’s Legislature codified the omnipresent notion that juveniles processed in the criminal justice system should be treated differently than adults given that they are inherently less culpable for a multitude of reasons, both measurable and incalculable. Flaws emanating from the minutiae of the Raise the Age law have surfaced since it became effective on October 1, 2018, as criminal matters involving sixteen-year-old offenders have been adjudicated in courts following the newly introduced procedures for removal of cases involving these youth to Family Court, or the newly-created Youth Part. Simultaneously, adjudications of matters in which applicants have turned to the courts to seal their criminal convictions pursuant to the Raise the Age legislation have also revealed gaps between the law’s intent and its execution since implementation. Presiding judges have responded by bridging the gap between the legislation and its execution from the bench in accordance with the progressive, rehabilitative orientation of the Raise the Age law through developing case law. This Article will first provide background regarding New York’s juvenile justice system, which provides context for the introduction and recent enactment of the Raise the Age law, before explaining the complexities of the legislation itself. Further, it will comment on periods of New York’s extensive, dynamic history of juvenile justice which has reflected social mores through present day. Furthermore, this article will delve into several key provisions and consequent issues materializing in the courts under these provisions, which may endure into the second phase of implementation of the Law for seventeen-year-old offenders as of October 1, 2019. Finally, this article will suggest that the New York State Legislature should amend the Raise the Age legislation in order to better facilitate processing of sixteen- and seventeen-year-old offenders’ matters, and sealing applications, respectively, under the law’s new provisions. It is vital to the legislation’s permanency to precisely mirror the ubiquitous concept embodied in the spirit of the Raise the Age legislation and the movement that preceded it: that adolescents are simply different than adult offenders, and their status as such should be accorded deference by the courts of the State

Understanding the cognitive aspects of human error will increase the usability of user interfaces.

Understanding the cognitive aspects of human error will increase the usability of user interfaces. It is important to study the cognitive aspects of human error because many disasters have been attributed to operator errors. Creating usable interfaces that reduce the likelihood of error will save industries a great deal of money and may even save human lives. A greater understanding of human errors can be obtained by examining the psychological basis of errors, the methods used to study errors, some of the problems associated with studying errors and different types of errors. Next, the current research findings can then be applied to user interfaces to reduce the probability of user errors. Then, a web survey system, phpESP, will be analyzed based on the guidelines for reducing human error in user interfaces. The analysis of the survey system can server as a guide to help designers reduce potential user errors

Storyteller: They Speak, I Listen

Since February of 2022, I have been an intern working at the Warhawk Air Museum in Nampa, Idaho. Throughout the museum, there are books and binders everywhere that feature individual stories from veterans of World War I, World War II, the Cold War, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and even stories from Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. As an intern, I was able to make these binders and put them together. I was given letters, photos, documents, journals and more and it feels like these veterans are talking to me and telling me their stories. I would not have known about this internship if it had not been for reaching out to the Internship Coordinator at Boise State University. I wanted to inspire more students to intern and volunteer at the Warhawk Air Museum so that the knowledge, the stories and the history can be shared for generations to come. I wrote a book about my time as an intern and about some of the projects I have worked on so that future interns can learn about what they could be doing and why the Warhawk is a great place to learn and grow

Teaching and Publishing with OER

Teaching and Publishing with OER was a presentation that was part of Building Bridges: Tools for Open Educational Resources (OER) Advocacy and Collaboration at TCUS Libraries , an online workshop held April 13th, 2021 1:00 P.M. - 4:00 P.M. Eastern Time