Evaluación diagnóstica de conocimientos previos para el curso de teriogenología

La propuesta construye, dentro del plan de estudios actual, una innovación, para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje atendiendo a las problemáticas en cuanto a los prerrequisitos que los estudiantes deberían haber incorporado previo al inicio del curso de Teriogenología, y cuánto de esos prerrequisitos son incorporados durante el desarrollo de la materia. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar los conocimientos previos de los estudiantes y su relación con el aprendizaje posterior al finalizar el Curso de Teriogenología. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se realizaron dos evaluaciones diagnósticas idénticas bajo la modalidad de un examen objetivo escrito, a 28 alumnos tomados al azar. Los educandos lograron afianzar conocimientos que no habían sido “aprehendidos” ya que la proporción de preguntas “Bien” respondidas, se duplicó en la 2° evaluación. El aumento del conocimiento observado a través de estas pruebas diagnósticas, no sólo se debe al desarrollo del curso de Teriogenología, sino también al resto de los cursos desarrollados en simultáneo con nuestra asignatura. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se puede afirmar que entre la primera y la segunda administración de la evaluación, los alumnos mejoraron sus conocimientos en todas las áreas evaluadas.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Uso de distintas concentraciones de luteína en la conservación de semen porcino

En los últimos años se ha investigado sobre la adición de diferentes antioxidantes (Ax) al diluyente de refrigeración. Algunos autores han trabajado sobre varios tipos de estos compuestos como por ejemplo: alginato, superóxido dismutasa, vitamina E, glutatión, cisteína, hipotaurina y Rosemary. Los mismos han logrado determinar las concentraciones apropiadas para maximizar los efectos reductores de los Ax. Dichas sustancias tienen, la capacidad de preservar la calidad espermática al neutralizar la acción de los radicales libres de oxígeno (ROS) sobre las membranas celulares. La luteina es un Ax natural del grupo de los α-carotenos.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Efecto de la inclusión de luteína según la temperatura y tiempo de conservación en semen porcino

Actualmente, el semen porcino se conserva a 15°C, preservando la calidad seminal por un tiempo finito. En los últimos años, se ha trabajado sobre la etapa de enfriamiento, periodo en el que se producen alteraciones en la integridad de la membrana plasmática. Éstas se deben especialmente a una desestabilización en el sistema antioxidante del espermatozoide. Dicho sistema preserva a las células espermáticas del estrés oxidativo, que afecta su sobrevida y capacidad fecundante. El espermatozoide del verraco es especialmente susceptible al daño peroxidativo generado por los radicales libres de oxígeno (ROS), por la alta proporción de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados presentes en sus membranas.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Insight from an Italian Delphi Consensus on EVAR feasibility outside the instruction for use: the SAFE EVAR Study

BACKGROUND: The SAfety and FEasibility of standard EVAR outside the instruction for use (SAFE-EVAR) Study was designed to define the attitude of Italian vascular surgeons towards the use of standard endovascular repair (EVAR) for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) outside the instruction for use (IFU) through a Delphi consensus endorsed by the Italian Society of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (Societa Italiana di Chirurgia Vascolare ed Endovascolare - SICVE). METHODS: A questionnaire consisting of 26 statements was developed, validated by an 18 -member Advisory Board, and then sent to 600 Italian vascular surgeons. The Delphi process was structured in three subsequent rounds which took place between April and June 2023. In the first two rounds, respondents could indicate one of the following five degrees of agreement: 1) strongly agree; 2) partially agree; 3) neither agree nor disagree; 4) partially disagree; 5) strongly disagree; while in the third round only three different choices were proposed: 1) agree; 2) neither agree nor disagree; 3) disagree. We considered the consensus reached when >70% of respondents agreed on one of the options. After the conclusion of each round, a report describing the percentage distribution of the answers was sent to all the participants. RESULTS: Two -hundred -forty-four (40.6%) Italian Vascular Surgeons agreed to participate the first round of the Delphi Consensus; the second and the third rounds of the Delphi collected 230 responders (94.3% of the first -round responders). Four statements (15.4%) reached a consensus in the first rounds. Among the 22 remaining statements, one more consensus (3.8%) was achieved in the second round. Finally, seven more statements (26.9%) reached a consensus in the simplified last round. Globally, a consensus was reached for almost half of the proposed statements (46.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The relatively low consensus rate obtained in this Delphi seems to confirm the discrepancy between Guideline recommendations and daily clinical practice. The data collected could represent the source for a possible guidelines' revision and the proposal of specific Good Practice Points in all those aspects with only little evidence available

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Swine artificial insemination: inseminating dose related to place of deposition

La inseminación artificial en la especie porcina es una herramienta de gran utilidad que permite grandes avances en la industria porcícola, tanto en nuestro país como en el mundo. La inseminación artificial es una herramienta biotecnológica de la reproducción que se aplica en la producción animal con el fin de aumentar la eficiencia productiva, lograr un mayor progreso genético e incrementar el desempeño reproductivo. Existen diferentes métodos de inseminación artificial en porcinos, que permiten variar el volumen y el número de espermatozoides de la dosis inseminante al modificar el lugar de deposición del semen. El objetivo de esta revisión fue recopilar y actualizar información relevante sobre la inseminación artificial en la especie porcina, relacionando la dosis seminal y el método de conservación, con la técnica empleada.Artificial insemination is a very useful tool that allows huge advances in swine industry all around the world. The use of artificial insemination for breeding pigs has facilitated global improvements in genetics and reproductive performance. There are variations of the technique with differences in the volume and number of sperms per dose according to the place of deposition of the semen. The aim of this review is a compilation and update of relevant information on artificial insemination in swine, relating the seminal dose and the preservation method, with the technique used

Complete Revascularization and One-Year Survival with Good Neurological Outcome in Patients Resuscitated from an Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background. The survival benefit of complete versus infarct-related artery (IRA)-only revascularization during the index hospitalization in patients resuscitated from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with multivessel disease is unknown. Methods. We considered all the OHCA patients prospectively enrolled in the Lombardia Cardiac Arrest Registry (Lombardia CARe) from 1 January 2015 to 1 May 2021 who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) at the Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Pavia). Patients’ prehospital, angiographical and survival data were reviewed. Results. Out of 239 patients, 119 had a multivessel coronary disease: 69% received IRA-only revascularization, and 31% received a complete revascularization: 8 during the first procedure and 29 in a staged-procedure after a median time of 5 days [IQR 2.5–10.3]. The complete revascularization group showed significantly higher one-year survival with good neurological outcome than the IRA-only group (83.3% vs. 30.4%, p p = 0.02]. Conclusions. This observation study shows that complete myocardial revascularization during the index hospitalization improves one-year survival with good neurological outcome in patients resuscitated from an OHCA with multivessel coronary disease