22 research outputs found

    Dehydration of subducting slow-spread oceanic lithosphere in the Lesser Antilles

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    Subducting slabs carry water into the mantle and are a major gateway in the global geochemical water cycle. Fluid transport and release can be constrained with seismological data. Here we use joint active-source/local-earthquake seismic tomography to derive unprecedented constraints on multi-stage fluid release from subducting slow-spread oceanic lithosphere. We image the low P-wave velocity crustal layer on the slab top and show that it disappears beneath 60–100 km depth, marking the depth of dehydration metamorphism and eclogitization. Clustering of seismicity at 120–160 km depth suggests that the slab’s mantle dehydrates beneath the volcanic arc, and may be the main source of fluids triggering arc magma generation. Lateral variations in seismic properties on the slab surface suggest that serpentinized peridotite exhumed in tectonized slow-spread crust near fracture zones may increase water transport to sub-arc depths. This results in heterogeneous water release and directly impacts earthquakes generation and mantle wedge dynamics

    Hormonal status and cognitivo‐emotional profile in real‐life neuropathic pain patients: a case control study

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    Epub ahead of printOral Presentation: World Institute of Pain (WIP) congress, Dublin, 2018BACKGROUND:The specific impact of neuropathic pain and recommended neuropathic pain treatments on the hormonal and immune status of patients has been so far poorly explored. This study aimed at studying, in real life, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the cytokine profile of patients with neuropathic pain. It also explored their links with cognition, emotion, quality of life, and drug treatment.METHODS:This prospective study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01543425) included 60 patients with neuropathic pain and 60 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers after obtaining signatures of informed consent. A number of parameters were measured: adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, cortisol awakening response, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, sex hormone binding globulin, testosterone, 17-ÎČ-estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and vitamin D. Psychological parameters were assessed by questionnaires.RESULTS:Patients with neuropathic pain had lower levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (P = 0.009) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (P < 0.001) than controls, and the cortisol awakening response was impaired. Patients were more depressed and anxious (P < 0.001) and had a diminished quality of life (P < 0.001), which was influenced by cytokines (P = 0.0067) and testosterone (P = 0.028). Antidepressants and antiepileptics appeared to interfere with testosterone and cognitivo-emotional domains.CONCLUSION:An impairment of the hormonal status and of the immune system was observed in patients. It identified testosterone as a potential pivotal mediator between antidepressants/antiepileptics and quality of life. Further studies must address the exact impact of different types of drugs on central effects, of gender differences, and of the immune system of neuropathic pain

    Consommation mĂ©dicamenteuse et Syndrome MĂ©tabolique : place de l’activitĂ© physique et de la nutrition

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    National audienceContexte: La surcharge pondĂ©rale du SMet entraĂźne une constellation d’anomalies cardio-mĂ©taboliques, dont chacune est le plus souvent traitĂ©e par un mĂ©dicament spĂ©cifique. Si le bĂ©nĂ©fice biologique de l’activitĂ© physique/nutrition sur le SMet est bien dĂ©montrĂ©, aucune Ă©tude ne rapporte le coĂ»t de leur consommation mĂ©dicamenteuse ni l’impact de ces interventions. Objectifs: 1). Calculer le coĂ»t de la consommation mĂ©dicamenteuse d’un patient SMet.2). DĂ©montrer le bĂ©nĂ©fice d’une modification de l’hygiĂšne de vie en termes de consommation mĂ©dicamenteuse. MĂ©thode: Cent sujets atteints de SMet, n'ayant pas d'activitĂ© physique, ont participĂ© Ă  un programme rĂ©sidentiel de trois semaines avec une activitĂ© physique importante supervisĂ©e et une diĂšte restrictive. 29/100 avaient un diabĂšte de type 2(DT2). Afin d’autonomiser les patients, des cours quotidiens leur ont Ă©tĂ© dispensĂ©s. Puis les patients ont Ă©tĂ© suivis pendant un an avec pour consigne de poursuivre le mĂȘme programme. RĂ©sultats: A J0, les patients consommaient en moyenne 1814±109 comprimĂ©s par an, pour un coĂ»t/patient/an des traitements de 747±106 euros. Pour le sous-groupeDT2, le coĂ»t annuel par patient est significativement plus Ă©levĂ© que pour le groupe entier SMet: 1352±309 euros. L’intervention est suivie d’une diminution significative Ă  chaque temps de mesure du coĂ»t de la consommation mĂ©dicamenteuse pour le groupe SMet : 747±106 (D0), 722±106 (D20), 696±106 (M3), 687±106 (M6), 673±102 (M12); D0 vs. D20, M3, M6: p<.001; D0 vs. M12: p<.05; D20 vs. M3, M6: p<.05. Pour le sous-groupe DT2, ce bĂ©nĂ©fice n’est significatif que jusqu’au 3e mois: 1352±309 (D0) ,1325±311 (D20), 1305±313 (M3), 1307±309 (M6) ,1239±291 (M12); D0 vs. D20, M3: p<.05.Conclusion: Nous rapportons pour la premiĂšre fois l’efficacitĂ© de l’activitĂ© physique et d’une prise en charge nutritionnelle sur la consommation mĂ©dicamenteuse Ă  long terme d’un patient Smet

    Different modalities of exercise to reduce visceral fat mass and cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome: the RESOLVE* randomized trial

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    International audiencea r t i c l e i n f o Background: Opinions differ over the exercise modalities that best limit cardiovascular risk (CVR) resulting from visceral obesity in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). As little is known about the combined effects of resistance and endurance training at high volumes under sound nutritional conditions, we aimed to analyze the impact of various intensities of physical activity on visceral fat and CVR in individuals with MetS. Methods: 100 participants, aged 50–70 years, underwent a diet restriction (protein intake 1.2 g/kg/day) with a high exercise volume (15–20 h/week). They were randomized to three training groups: moderate-resistance–moderate-endurance (re), high-resistance–moderate-endurance (Re), or moderate-resistance– high-endurance (rE). A one-year at-home follow-up (M12) commenced with a three-week residential program (Day 0 to Day 21). We measured the change in visceral fat and body composition by DXA, MetS parameters , fitness, the Framingham score and carotid-intima–media-thickness. Results: 78 participants completed the program. At D21, visceral fat loss was highest in Re (−18%, p b .0001) and higher in rE than re (− 12% vs. − 7%, p b .0001). Similarly, from M3, visceral fat decreased more in high-intensity-groups to reach a visceral fat loss of −21.5% (Re) and − 21.1% (rE) > −13.0% (re) at M12 (p b .001). CVR, MetS parameters and fitness improved in all groups. Visceral fat loss correlated with changes in MetS parameters. Conclusion: Increased intensity in high volume training is efficient in improving visceral fat loss and carotid-intima–media-thickness, and is realistic in community dwelling, moderately obese individuals. High-intensity-resistance training induced a faster visceral fat loss, and thus the potential of resistance training should not be undervalued (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00917917)

    Archéologie et restauration des monuments. Instaurer de véritables « études archéologiques préalables »

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    ArchĂąologie und Restaurierung von DenkmĂ lern. Die Einfiihrung wirklicher « archdologischer Vorstudien ». Trotz einer mehr als dreifsigjahrigen Tatigkeit hat die archaologische Forschung in Frankreich immer noch Miihe, bei der Analyse von im Aurgehenden erhaltenen Bauwerken ibren legitimen Platz zu finden, selbst, wcnn sie grofse Beitrage zur Rekonstruktion der Baugeschicbre leistet. Mebr als von hartna'ckigen Vorurteilen berrubrend scbeinen die Griinde beute eber struktureller Natur zu sein (Ausweitung des Begriffs des kulturellen Frbes, VervielrĂ ĂŻtigung der beteiligten Akteure, Irennung der teebnischen und der juristiscben VorgĂ 'nge). Infolge einer Untersucbung zu fiinf bedeutenden kirchlichen Bauwerken der historischen RĂ©gion Aquitanicn, die m ibren Krypten Reste ans der Sparantike und/oder dem Friihmittelalter aufvveisen, scbeint es, dafs die l.osung zu einer besseren Beriicksichtigung der Mitwirkung und der Beitrage der Archaologie zu kommen uni besten iĂŻber den Weg der F.inruhrung von vertiehen Untersuchungen, dokumentarischen, sanitĂ 'ren und wissenschaftlichen Charakters mittels Forschergruppen verscbiedener Facbricbtungen lĂ uft : gewissermafsen « archaologische Vorstudien ».Archaeology and restoration of the monuments. Instate genuine « preliminary archaeological studies ». Despite thirty years of activity, archaeological research still has difficulties in France in finding a legitimate place in the analysis of buildings that are still standing, even if it participates fully in reconstructing the history of the edifice. More than die-hard prejudices, the causes today are structural (extension of the notion of patrimony, greater number of participants, dissociated technical and legal practices). Judging from work-experience on five large religious edifices in Aquitaine, which had paleochristian or early medieval vestiges in their crypts, it would seem that the solution for a better understanding of the intervention and contributions of archaeology is attainable through in-depth documentary, sanitary and scientific evaluations made by teams with different specialties, who produce « preliminary archaeological studies » of a kind.MalgrĂ© une activitĂ© plus que trentenaire, la recherche archĂ©ologique peine encore, en France, Ă  trouver une place lĂ©gitime dans l'analyse des Ă©difices conservĂ©s en Ă©lĂ©vation, mĂȘme si elle participe pleinement Ă  la restitution de l'histoire de l'Ă©difice. Plus qu'issues de tenaces prĂ©jugĂ©s, les causes apparaissent aujourd'hui structurelles (extension de la notion de patrimoine, multiplications des acteurs, pratiques techniques et juridiques dissociĂ©es). À la suite d'une expĂ©rience menĂ©e sur cinq Ă©difices religieux importants de l'Aquitaine historique et prĂ©sentant, dans des cryptes, des vestiges de l'AntiquitĂ© tardive et/ou du haut Moyen Age, il semblerait que la solution dune meilleure prise en compte de l'intervention et des apports de l'archĂ©ologie passe par la mise en place d'Ă©valuations approfondies, Ă  caractĂšre documentaire, sanitaire et scientifique, au sein d Ă©quipes aux compĂ©tences diverses : des « Ă©tudes archĂ©ologiques prĂ©alables » en quelque sorte.Boissavit-Camus Brigitte, Darraud Dany, Bonnet Charles, Fabioux Martine, Guyon Jean, HĂ©ber-Suffrin François, Prigent Daniel, Pulga Stefano, Reynaud Jean-François, Sapin Christian, Vergain Philippe. ArchĂ©ologie et restauration des monuments. Instaurer de vĂ©ritables « Ă©tudes archĂ©ologiques prĂ©alables ». In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 161, n°3, annĂ©e 2003. pp. 195-222
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