Exposure to heterocyclic aromatic amines from consumption of cooked red meat and effect on human cancer risk. A review

International audiencePrimary objective: To review the bibliographic data from the last ten years, on the possible carcinogenicity of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in humans. Aspects as red meat intake, cooking methods applied to red meat, and doneness of cooking are discussed since an epidemiological point of view. Main outcomes and results: The role in the HAAs carcinogenicity has been assigned to two main factors: very high frequencies of consumption of red meats, and very darkly browned meats. However, there are some uncertainties associated to epidemiological results in relation to the presence of other carcinogens, co-carcinogens and anti-carcinogens in the diet, analytical results on HAAs content in foods, food frequency questionnaires and, mainly, genetic susceptibility to HAAs. Conclusions: There is not sufficient scientific evidence to support the conclusion that the human cancer risk is due specifically to the intake of these compounds in diet

Concentraciones de calcio, magnesio, sodio y potasio en leche materna y fórmulas de inicio

Se han determinado las concentraciones de calcio, magnesio, sodio y potasio en 55 leches de madres canarias y en 5 marcas de fórmulas infantiles en polvo. Los datos obtenidos estaban dentro de los intervalos normales de cada tipo de leche. Las concentraciones medias de Ca, Mg, Na y K de las fórmulas infantiles fueron mayores que las de las leches maternas. Se han detectado diferencias significativas entre las concentraciones medias de Ca, Mg y Na en las distintas muestras de leche materna. Sólo la ingesta de Ca, de niños alimentados con leche materna, fue inferior a lo recomendado por el Food and Nutrition Board. (1) Sin embargo, los niños alimentados con fórmula comercial consumieron cantidades adecuadas de todos los metales estudiados. Se ha observado una disminución progresiva de las concentraciones de Na, K y Ca a lo largo del período de lactación. La edad materna, número y sexo de los hijos previos no afectaron significativamente a la concentración de los metales.Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in human milk and infant formulas. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were determined in 55 samples of mature human milk from Canary women and 5 samples of powdered infant formula. According to the literature our data fell within the normal intervals described for each kind of milk. The mean concentration of Ca, Mg, Na y K of powdered infant formula was higher than those concentrations found in the human milks. Significant differences among the concentrations of Ca, Mg and Na for the milks of the considered mothers were observed. Only the Ca intakes for infants fed with human milk were lower than those requirements recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board (1989). However, the infants fed with powdered infant formula had an adequate intake of all the studied metals. A progressive decrease of the Na, K and Ca concentrations with the lactation stage was observed. Maternal age, parity and sex of the newborns did not affect the metal concentrations significantly

Polarographic study of mixed coordinated system: Cu(II)-glycine-isoleucine

393The mixed-ligand ternary system Cu(II)-glycinate ion (glyc-)-isoleucinate ion (isolc-) has been studied polarographically at 25±0.1°C and at ionic strength = 1.0 M, adjusted with sodium perchlorate., The formation of the mixed complex [Cu(glyc-)(isolc-)] has been verified, with stability constant β11 = 4.4 X 1015