Qualidade sanitária de praias de Palmas Tocantins, Brasil

The sanitary quality of beaches is of paramount importance for use in recreation. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the sanitary quality, through parasitological and microbiological analysis of sand and freshwater beaches (Praia do Prata and Praia das Arnos ) of Palmas Tocantins. Twenty samples of 180 mL of water and 40 samples of 100 g of sand were collected. The collections were carried out in two seasons, one rainy (April) and one dry (July) in the year 2017, in Prata and Arnos beaches in Palmas, TO, Brazil. The samples were submitted to parasitological analysis by the method of Hoffman Pons and Janner and the modified Baermann- Moraes method and the microbiological analysis by the chromogenic substrate method. The research was conducted within ethical standards, without the need for submission to the ethics committee. In the present study, 61.25% (49/60) of sand samples from the beaches analyzed by parasitological tests showed contamination by eggs and larvae of Ancylostoma sp., Eggs of Ascaris sp. and Hymenolepis nana, Balantidium coli cysts, Entamoeba coli and E. histolytica / E.dispar; eggs and metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica and larvae of Strongyloides sp. The analyzes of the water samples presented negative results regarding the presence of parasites. Microbiological indicators for fecal contamination classify beaches as suitable for recreation according to Brazilian legislation during the two seasons analyzed. Microbiological indicators of fecal contamination, thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli were detected in all sampling points; however, the beaches were classified as suitable for recreation, according to the regulations of the National Environment Council. It is important to note that this council analyzes only the water and not the sand of the beaches, which were contaminated with parasites which can cause damage to human health. Thus, bacteriological and parasitological monitoring in water and sand is suggested.A qualidade sanitária de praias é de suma importância para o uso em recreação, sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a qualidade sanitária, mediante análise parasitológica e microbiológica da areia e água das praias de água doce (Praia do Prata e Praia das Arnos) de Palmas Tocantins. Foram coletadas 20 amostras de 180 mL água e 40 amostras de 100g de areia. As coletas foram realizadas em duas temporadas, uma chuvosa (abril) e uma seca (julho) no ano de 2017, nas praias Praia do Prata e Praia das Arnos em Palmas - TO, Brasil. As amostras foram submetidas à análise parasitológica pelo método de Hoffman Pons e Janner e o método de Baermann-Moraes modificado e a análise microbiológica pelo método de substrato cromogênico. A pesquisa foi conduzida dentro dos padrões éticos, sem necessidade de submissão ao comitê de ética. No presente estudo, 61,25% (49/60) das amostras de areia das praias analisadas por testes parasitológicos apresentaram contaminação por ovos e larvas de Ancylostoma sp., ovos de Ascaris sp. e Hymenolepis nana, cistos de Balantidium coli, Entamoeba coli e de E. histolytica / E.dispar; ovos e metacercárias de Fasciola hepática e larvas de Strongyloides sp. . As análises das amostras de água apresentaram resultados negativos quanto a presença de parasitos. Os indicadores microbiológicos para contaminação fecal classificam as praias como próprias para recreação de acordo com a legislação brasileira durante as duas temporadas analisadas. Os indicadores microbiológicos de contaminação fecal, coliformes termotolerantes e Escherichia coli, foram detectados em todos os pontos amostrais, no entanto, as praias foram classificadas como próprias para recreação, segundo a regulamentação do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente. É importante salientar que este conselho analisa apenas a água e não as areias das praias, as quais estavam contaminadas com parasitas que podem acarretar prejuízos à saúde humana. Desta forma, sugere-se o monitoramento bacteriológico e parasitológico na água e na areia

A Systematic Review of the Antioxidant Activity of Apiculture Products in Brazil

The use of substances with antioxidant ability can be very important in the therapeutic prevention of diseases related to increased oxidative stress, such as cancer, heart disease and aging. Brazil has a great diversity of vegetation from which bees can collect resins. This study is a systematic bibliographical review on different electronic scientific databases through descriptors of antioxidant activity of bee products from Brazil. The identification of the articles and their inclusion occurred between the months January to MayW 2016. The bibliographic research was conducted in the following electronic databases: (1) Scientific electronic library online—SciELO; (2) Public library of science—PLOS Medicine; and (3) ScienceDirect. The articles selected were the ones that contained antioxidant activity evaluation of bee products from Brazil during 2011 and 2016. It was possible to observe a large number of articles published in this topic, but a compilation of data from all of these studies was necessary. Given there is a great diversity of vegetation in Brazil, a standardization process of the bee products in Brazil was conducted and by means of this process it was possible to draw a profile of the main antioxidants found in apiculture products in Brazil

CONDIÇÕES FÍSICO-ESTRUTURAL E HIGIÊNICO-SANITÁRIA DE SUPERMERCADOS DE IMPERATRIZ / MARANHÃO

ABSTRACT Defined as retail general merchandise, with predominance of food products, and sales area between 300 and 5,000 m², supermarkets now represent the primary site of food trade in the cities of medium and large and are, therefore, industry significant Brazilian economy and bond sensitive and relevant when analyzing food security. The objective of the study was to evaluate the physical structural and hygienic sanitary supermarket in the city of Imperatriz - MA. We conducted a diagnosis of Practice in fifteen supermarkets Imperatriz - MA for both was used checklist on Good Manufacturing Practices under Resolution - RDC n º 275 of 21 October 2002, in which the questions were asked to the responsible for establishing and observing the supermarkets in accordance with the classification in groups. Thus, we observed that most supermarkets in blocks evaluated in fair condition and correspond to 51-75% of the items. Keywords: Good practice; Foods.RESUMO Definidos como comércio varejista de mercadorias em geral, com predominância de produtos alimentícios, e com área de venda entre 300 e 5.000 m², os supermercados representam hoje o principal local de comércio de alimentos nas cidades de médio e grande porte, constituindo, portanto, setor significativo da economia brasileira e elo sensível e relevante quando se analisa a segurança alimentar. O Objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as condições físicas estruturais e higiênico-sanitárias de supermercados no município de Imperatriz, estado do maranhão (MA). Realizou-se um diagnóstico de Boas Práticas em quinze supermercados de Imperatriz – MA. Para tanto, foi utilizado um check-list sobre Boas Práticas de Fabricação conforme a Resolução - RDC nº 275, de 21 de Outubro de 2002, em que as perguntas foram feitas ao responsável pelo estabelecimento e observando os supermercados de acordo com a classificação em grupos. Desta forma observamos que a maioria dos supermercados nos blocos avaliados estão em condições razoáveis e correspondem a 51 a 75% dos itens.   Palavras-chave: Boas Práticas; Alimentos. ABSTRACT Defined as retail general merchandise, with predominance of food products, and sales area between 300 and 5,000 m², supermarkets now represent the primary site of food trade in the cities of medium and large and are, therefore, industry significant Brazilian economy and bond sensitive and relevant when analyzing food security. The objective of the study was to evaluate the physical structural and hygienic sanitary supermarket in the city of Imperatriz - MA. We conducted a diagnosis of Practice in fifteen supermarkets Imperatriz - MA for both was used checklist on Good Manufacturing Practices under Resolution - RDC n º 275 of 21 October 2002, in which the questions were asked to the responsible for establishing and observing the supermarkets in accordance with the classification in groups. Thus, we observed that most supermarkets in blocks evaluated in fair condition and correspond to 51-75% of the items. Keywords: Good practice; Foods. &nbsp

EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF FOOD HANDLERS AFTER EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN PALMAS, TOCANTINS

A mão de obra capacitada em boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos é escassa e as deficiências na forma de executar o serviço são visíveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos manipuladores de alimentos (MA) de serviços de alimentação em Palmas – Tocantins antes e depois dos treinamentos em boas práticas de manipulação. O estudo foi realizado através da aplicação de um questionário, baseado na Resolução RDC n° 216/2004, a fim de verificar se houve a transferência de informações e conhecimentos para os MA em função da percentagem de respostas certas. Foi observado aumento na percentagem de respostas na escala excelente de 55% para 83%. De acordo com esses resultados, sugere-se a cobrança mais efetiva por parte dos órgãos fiscalizadores para que estabelecimentos que produzam alimentos tenham programas de treinamentos; que as capacitações aconteçam com uma maior frequência, para minimizar os riscos de contaminações e consequentemente a incidências de doenças veiculadas por alimentos.   Palavras-chave: Serviços de Alimentação, Capacitação em Serviço, Manipulação de Alimentos. ABSTRACT The skilled workforce in good food handling practices is scarce and deficiencies in the way the service is performed are visible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of food handlers (FH) of food services in Palmas - Tocantins before and after training in good handling practices. The study was carried out through the application of a questionnaire, based on RDC Resolution 216/2004, in order to verify the transfer of information and knowledge to the FH according to the percentage of correct answers. An increase in the percentage of responses on the excellent scale from 55% to 83% was observed. According to these results, it is suggested the most effective collection by the enforcement agencies so that establishments that produce food have training programs; that capacities occur more frequently in order to minimize the risk of contamination and consequently the incidence of foodborne diseases. Keywords: Food Services, Inservice Training, Food Handling

Perfil e grau de conhecimento de manipuladores de alimentos dos estabelecimentos comerciais de Palmas, Tocantins

Alguns manipuladores de alimentos (MA) possuem conhecimento insuficiente acerca da natureza e da origem das doenças veiculadas por alimentos (DVAs), subestimando suas consequências. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer o perfil e o grau de conhecimento dos MA de serviços de alimentação de Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado através de questionário desenvolvido com base na Resolução RDC n° 216/2004 e no instrumento adaptado de Badaró, sendo composto por 14 questões de múltipla escolha e dividido em: identificação, dados socioeconômicos e conhecimentos específicos. Foi possível verificar que o nível de conhecimento dos MA foi considerado baixo quanto às possíveis contaminações e prevenções que podem ser realizadas relacionadas aos alimentos. Sugere-se a implantação de capacitação e educação continuada com os MA para um melhor desempenho e cuidados nesta área, tendo em vista que no setor alimentar geralmente são contratados profissionais sem experiência na função que irão desempenhar.   Palavras-chave: Manipulação de Alimentos; Alimentos; Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos. ABSTRACT Some food handlers (FH) have insufficient knowledge about the nature and origin of foodborne diseases (FD), underestimating their consequences. The objective of this study was to establish the profile and level of knowledge of the MA of food services in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. The study was carried out through a questionnaire developed based on RDC Resolution 216/2004 and the instrument adapted from Badaró. It was composed of 14 multiple choice questions divided into: identification, socioeconomic data and specific knowledge. It was possible to verify that the level of knowledge of FH was considered low regarding possible contaminations and preventions that can be carried out related to food. It is suggested the implementation of training and continuing education with FH for better performance and care in this area, considering that in the food sector usually professionals are hired without experience in the function they will perform. Keywords: Food Handling; Food; Foodborne Diseases

Beekeeping in Brazil: A Bibliographic Review

Brazil presents favorable conditions for beekeeping, having a suitable climate; native flowering plants with great potential for the production of honey, pollen, propolis, and royal jelly; and bees adapted to our conditions, tolerant to the main apicultural diseases and highly productive. Through the meliponiculture, the conservation of mainly native forest areas is allowed; therefore, they are the best environments for the creation of native bees and production of by-products of the beehive with quality. The stingless bees are very sensitive to any disturbance due to anthropogenic action. A systematic bibliographical review was carried out in different electronic databases, through descriptors referring to beekeeping in Brazil. The identification of articles and their inclusion occurred between January 2018 and April 2018. The bibliographic research was conducted in the following electronic databases: (1) Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), (2) Public Library of Science (PLOS) Biology, and (3) ScienceDirect. In order to help in the process of standardization of bee products and traceability of the production chain, it was possible to draw a profile of the main bioactive substances of the beehive products of Brazil. It was also possible to relate the benefits of an adequate management of beekeeping and meliponiculture in Brazil

Turner syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Crohn's disease in sisters: case report

A Síndrome de Turner é caracterizada citogeneticamente pela presença de um cromossomo X e perda total ou parcial do segundo cromossomo sexual, ocorrendo em aproximadamente 1:2.130 nascidos vivos do sexo feminino. A Tireoidite de Hashimoto é um distúrbio autoimune decorrente de resposta imune anormal à glândula tireoide, tanto do ponto de vista humoral como celular. A doença de Crohn é uma doença crônica recidivante que afeta todas as partes do tubo digestivo, sendo multifatorial, em que fatores de ordem genética, imunológica e ambientais têm uma relevância preponderante no início e na perpetuação da lesão tecidual imunomediada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de três pacientes de uma mesma família. Caso 1, primeira gemelar (dizigótica), 8 anos de idade, sexo feminino, com diagnóstico de Tireoidite de Hashimoto. Caso 2 (segunda gemelar), sexo feminino, com o diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner. Caso 3 (primogênita), sexo feminino, com diagnóstico de Doença de Crohn.  Duas filhas de um casal hígido manifestaram doenças autoimunes, as quais têm incidência aumentada na síndrome de Turner. Doenças endócrinas autoimunes possuem mecanismos complexos com a participação de vários fatores, como a susceptibilidade genética, eventos ambientais e resposta autoimune, porém, neste caso, não se encontrou história familiar positiva além da geração estudada. Outros estudos familiares, como este que se propõe, com múltiplos membros acometidos, poderão identificar associações cada vez mais consistentes entre essas doenças, além daquelas ainda não suspeitadas.   Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Turner, Tireoidite de Hashimoto, Doença de Crohn, Hereditariedade. ABSTRACT Turner syndrome is characterized cytogenetically by the presence of an X chromosome and total or partial loss of the second sex chromosome, occurring in approximately 1:2,130 live female births. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder resulting from an abnormal immune response to the thyroid gland, both from a humoral and cellular point of view. Crohn's disease is a chronic recurrent disease that affects all parts of the digestive tract, being multifactorial, in which genetic, immunological and environmental factors have a preponderant relevance at the beginning and the perpetuation of immune-mediated tissue injury. The objective of this study was to report the case of three patients from the same family. Case 1, first twin (dizygotic), 8 years old, female, with diagnosis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Case 2 (second twin), female, with the diagnosis of Turner Syndrome. Case 3 (first-born), female, with diagnosis of Crohn's Disease. Two daughters of a healthy couple have manifested autoimmune diseases, which have an increased incidence in Turner syndrome. Autoimmune endocrine diseases have complex mechanisms with the participation of several factors, such as genetic susceptibility, environmental events and autoimmune response, but in this case, no positive family history was found beyond the generation studied. Other family studies, such as this one proposed, with multiple affected members, will be able to identify increasingly consistent associations between these diseases, in addition to those not yet suspected. Keywords: Turner syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Crohn's disease, Heredity