Campus universitário e cidade: discutindo integração e acessibilidade Em casos de universidade Brasileira e sueca com repercussões socioespaciais / University campus and city: discussing integration and accessibility In cases of Brazilian and swedish universities with socio-spatial repercussions

Os efeitos causados pela inserção de um campus universitário em uma área urbana vão além do âmbito acadêmico e cultural, pois as repercussões físicas, sociais e ambientais causadas por sua implantação são sentidas em diferentes escalas, tanto em relação à integração com a cidade, quanto à vinculação com o indivíduo e o seu entorno imediato. Um campus universitário se constitui em um grande equipamento urbano que pode ser localizado de forma a promover uma participação mais ativa da universidade junto à sociedade. Este artigo pressupõe que a implantação de um campus universitário pode facilitar a acessibilidade e promover uma urbanização mais sustentável, principalmente quanto à promoção social e espacial, além da sustentabilidade ecológica. O objetivo do estudo é a compreensão de estratégias de integração entre campus universitário e cidade a fim de contribuir ao debate sobre promoção de mais sustentabilidade urbana, pela adequação de diferentes funções de um campus e sua repercussão. A abordagem metodológica é hipotética-dedutiva com referencial teórico e análises de duas realidades. A primeira abrange o campus da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul em Laranjeiras do Sul – Estado do Paraná. A segunda situação focaliza o campus Lindholmen da Universidade Chalmers, em Gotemburgo, Suécia. Os resultados analisados apontam que a presença da universidade valoriza e diversifica áreas urbanas, potencializando usos mistos e a concentração de atividades e funções urbanas, incentivando trajetos em curtas distâncias e uso de modais ativos, promovendo fatores importantes de sustentabilidade ecológica, social e espacial. O artigo está organizado em quatro partes. Inicialmente se aborda o marco teórico que sustentou o estudo. Em seguida são descritos os procedimentos metodológicos para então se apresentar as análises dos casos e os resultados que serão discutidos ao final. Para encerrar, as considerações finais fornecem um fecho do conteúdo do artigo, enfatizando os tópicos propostos para o debate do tema tratado: a relação entre campus universitário e cidade

Campus universitário e espaço urbano: integração socioespacial em metrópole e cidades médias no sul do Brasil

A Universidade repercute sobre a sociedade não somente em termos educacionais. Os seus campi funcionam como equipamentos públicos impactando significativamenteo tecido urbano no qual se inserem. Porém verifica-se que os campi universitários costumam operar como municipalidades autônomas. O presente artigo pressupõe que um planejamento integrado entre Universidade e Administração Local é benéfica para ambos uma vez que a açãoda Universidade extrapola seus limites físicos. O objetivo é refletir sobre os efeitos da implantação decampi em área urbana e debater diretrizes relacionadas. A abordagem metodológica é hipotética-dedutiva com referencial teórico, estudos de casos e geoprocessamento de dados, resultando em diretrizes projetuais na escala de desenho urbano. Os resultados apontam ser vantajosa a integração entre campus e ambiente urbano coma aplicação de critérios de Urbanismo sustentável.The University has repercussions on society not only in educational terms. Their campuses function as public facilities, significantly impacting the urban fabric in which they operate. However, university campuses often operate as autonomous municipalities. The present article presupposes that an integrated planning between University and Local Administration is beneficial for both since the action of the University extrapolates its physical limits. The objective is to reflect on the effects of the implementation of campuses in urban areas and discuss related guidelines. The methodological approach is hypothetical-deductive with theoretical referential, case studies and data geoprocessing, resulting in design guidelines in the urban design scale. The results indicate that the integration between campus and urban environment is viable with the application of criteria of sustainable Urbanism

Enseñanza de Soporte Básico de Vida para escolares: estudio casi experimental

Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento de estudiantes de la enseñanza básica antes y después de la intervención educativa sobre Soporte Básico de Vida, en situación de paro cardíaco en adultos. Método: estudio casi experimental realizado en 335 estudiantes de tres escuelas de enseñanza básica. Los datos fueron recogidos por un instrumento que captaba datos sociodemográficos y conocimientos sobre Soporte Básico de Vida; posteriormente, estos fueron analizados con la estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultados: el conocimiento de los estudiantes en el postest (p < 0,05) fue significativamente mayor que en el pretest. La media de las notas en el pretest fue 4,12 ± 1,7 y en el postest fue 6,53 ± 1,9 (p = 0,00) Conclusión: los resultados demostraron efectividad de la intervención con la ampliación del conocimiento sobre Soporte Básico de Vida en paro cardíaco y refuerzan la importancia de la Enfermería en las acciones de educación en salud en las escuelas de enseñanza básica.Objective: to evaluate the knowledge of basic education students before and after educational intervention on Basic Life Support in a situation of adult cardiorespiratory arrest. Method: quasi-experimental study conducted with 335 students from three elementary schools. Data was collected using an instrument that captured sociodemographic data and knowledge about Basic Life Support. Subsequently, they were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: students’ knowledge in the post-test (p <0.05) was significantly higher than in the pre-test. The average of the pre-test scores was 4.12 ± 1.7 and, in the post-test it was 6.53 ± 1.9 (p = 0.00). Conclusion: the results demonstrated effectiveness of the intervention with the expansion of knowledge about Basic Life Support in cardiorespiratory arrest. The results reinforce the importance of Nursing in health education actions in elementary schools.Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento de estudantes do ensino básico antes e após intervenção educativa sobre Suporte Básico de Vida em situação de parada cardiorrespiratória em adultos. Método: estudo quase-experimental realizado com 335 estudantes de três escolas do ensino básico. Os dados foram coletados por instrumento que captava dados sociodemográficos e conhecimentos sobre Suporte Básico de Vida. Posteriormente, foram analisados por estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados: o conhecimento dos estudantes no pós-teste (p < 0,05) foi significativamente maior que no pré-teste. A média das notas no pré-teste foi 4,12 ± 1,7 e, no pós-teste foi 6,53 ± 1,9 (p = 0,00). Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram a efetividade da intervenção com a ampliação do conhecimento sobre Suporte Básico de Vida em parada cardiorrespiratória e reforçam a importância da Enfermagem nas ações de educação em saúde nas escolas de ensino básico

Albuminuria Reduction after High Dose of Vitamin D in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study

BackgroundSome studies suggest an association between diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and vitamin D (VD), but there is no data about the effect of high dose of VD on DKD in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our pilot study aims to evaluate albuminuria reduction in patients with T1DM supplemented with high dose of VD.Methods22 patients received doses of 4,000 and 10,000 IU/day of cholecalciferol for 12 weeks according to patient’s previous VD levels. They were submitted to continuous glucose monitoring system, 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio before and after VD supplementation.ResultsThere was a reduction of DKD prevalence at the end of the study (68 vs 32%; p = 0.05), with no changes on insulin doses, glycated hemoglobin, glycemic variability and blood pressure values. A correlation between percentage variation of VD levels (ΔVD) and albuminuria at the end of the study was presented (r = −0.5; p < 0.05). Among T1DM patients with DKD at the beginning of the study, 8/13 (62%) had their DKD stage improved, while the other five ones (38%) showed no changes (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur pilot study suggests an association between VD high dose supplementation, lower prevalence and improvement in stages of DKD in T1DM

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable Amazon Network

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network (Rede Amazonia Sustentavel, RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far.Keywords: Social–ecological systems, Tropical forests, Land use, Interdisciplinary research, Sustainability, Trade-off

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Campus universitário e espaço urbano: integração socioespacial em metrópole e cidades médias no sul do Brasil

A Universidade repercute sobre a sociedade não somente em termos educacionais. Os seus campi funcionam como equipamentos públicos impactando significativamenteo tecido urbano no qual se inserem. Porém verifica-se que os campi universitários costumam operar como municipalidades autônomas. O presente artigo pressupõe que um planejamento integrado entre Universidade e Administração Local é benéfica para ambos uma vez que a açãoda Universidade extrapola seus limites físicos. O objetivo é refletir sobre os efeitos da implantação decampi em área urbana e debater diretrizes relacionadas. A abordagem metodológica é hipotética-dedutiva com referencial teórico, estudos de casos e geoprocessamento de dados, resultando em diretrizes projetuais na escala de desenho urbano. Os resultados apontam ser vantajosa a integração entre campus e ambiente urbano coma aplicação de critérios de Urbanismo sustentável.The University has repercussions on society not only in educational terms. Their campuses function as public facilities, significantly impacting the urban fabric in which they operate. However, university campuses often operate as autonomous municipalities. The present article presupposes that an integrated planning between University and Local Administration is beneficial for both since the action of the University extrapolates its physical limits. The objective is to reflect on the effects of the implementation of campuses in urban areas and discuss related guidelines. The methodological approach is hypothetical-deductive with theoretical referential, case studies and data geoprocessing, resulting in design guidelines in the urban design scale. The results indicate that the integration between campus and urban environment is viable with the application of criteria of sustainable Urbanism