Paving (through) Amazonia: Neoliberal Urbanism and the Reperipheralization of Roraima

This paper examines the neoliberal reshaping of infrastructure provision in Brazil's extreme north since the mid-1990s, when roadway investments resulted in unprecedented regional connectivity. The BR-174 upgrade, the era's most important project, marked a transition from resource-based developmentalism to free-market transnationalism. Primarily concerned with urban competitiveness, the federal government funded the trunk roadway's paving to facilitate manufacturing exports from Manaus. While an effort was made to minimize deforestation, planners sidelined development implications in adjacent Roraima. The state's urban system has thus experienced reperipheralization and intensified primacy. Market-led growth now compounds the inheritance of hierarchical centralism and ongoing governmental neglect. Our study shows a vast territory dependent on primate cities for basic goods and services. Travelling with Roraimans from bypassed towns, we detected long-distance passenger transportation and surface logistics with selective routes. Heterogeneous Roraiman (im)mobilities comprise middle-class tourism and heightened consumerism as well as informal mobility tactics and transnational circulations of precarious labor. The paper exhorts neoliberal urbanism research to look beyond both Euro America's metropoles and their Global South counterparts. Urbanization dynamics in Brazil's extreme north demonstrate that market-disciplined investments to globalize cities produce far-reaching spatial effects. These are felt even by functionally-articulated-yet-marginalized peripheries in ostensibly remote locations

Quality of life in liver transplant recipients and the influence of sociodemographic factors

Abstract OBJECTIVE To verify the influence of sociodemographic factors on the quality of life of patients after liver transplant. METHOD Cross-sectional study with 150 patients who underwent liver transplant at a referral center. A sociodemographic instrument and the Liver Disease Quality of Life questionnaire were applied. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, as well as multiple comparisons by the Tukey test and Games-Howell tests when p <0.05. RESULTS Old age had influence on domains of symptoms of liver disease (p = 0.049), sleep (p = 0.023) and sexual function (p = 0.03). Men showed better significant mean values than women for the loneliness dimension (p = 0.037). Patients with higher educational level had higher values for the domain of stigma of liver disease (p = 0.014). There was interference of income in the domains of quality of social interaction (p = 0.033) and stigma of the disease (p = 0.046). CONCLUSION In half of the quality of life domains, there was influence of some sociodemographic variable

Immunity of an Alternative Host Can Be Overcome by Higher Densities of Its Parasitoids Palmistichus elaeisis and Trichospilus diatraeae

Interactions of the parasitoids Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle and Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with its alternative host Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) affect the success or failure of the mass production of these parasitoids for use in integrated pest management programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the cellular defense and encapsulation ability of A. gemmatalis pupae against P. elaeisis or T. diatraeae in adult parasitoid densities of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 or 13 parasitoids/pupae. We evaluated the total quantity of circulating hemocytes and the encapsulation rate versus density. Increasing parasitoid density reduced the total number of hemocytes in the hemolymph and the encapsulation rate by parasitized pupae. Furthermore, densities of P. elaeisis above 5 parasitoids/pupae caused higher reduction in total hemocyte numbers. The encapsulation rate fell with increasing parasitoid density. However, parasitic invasion by both species induced generally similar responses. The reduction in defensive capacity of A. gemmatalis is related to the adjustment of the density of these parasitoids to their development in this host. Thus, the role of the density of P. elaeisis or T. diatraeae by pupa is induced suppression of cellular defense and encapsulation of the host, even without them possesses a co-evolutionary history. Furthermore, these findings can predict the success of P. elaeisis and T. diatraeae in the control of insect pests through the use of immunology as a tool for evaluation of natural enemies

Meaning of leprosy for people who have experienced treatment during the sulfonic and multidrug therapy periods

Objetivo:analizar los significados de la lepra para las personas que fueron tratadas en el período sulfónico y en el período de poliquimioterapia.Método:estudio de naturaleza cualitativa fundamentado en el abordaje histórico cultural de Vygotsky, el cual orientó la construcción y análisis de los datos. Fueron incluidos ocho entrevistados que ya tuvieron lepra y que realizaron tratamiento en el período sulfónico y de poliquimioterapia, siendo participantes del Movimiento de Reintegración de Personas Afectadas por la Lepra.Resultados:los significados fueron organizados en tres núcleos de significación: manchas en el cuerpo: alguna cosa está fuera de orden; ¿Lepra o enfermedad de Hansen?; y lepra a partir de la inserción en el Movimiento de Reintegración de Personas Afectadas por la Lepra. Conclusión: los significados de la lepra para las personas tratadas en los dos períodos apuntan para la construcción compleja de los mismos, indicando diferencias y semejanzas en los dos períodos. Los profesionales de la salud pueden contribuir para el cambio de significados, ya que estos son socialmente construidos y las transformaciones son continuas.Objetivo:analisar significados da hanseníase para as pessoas que foram tratadas no período sulfônico e no período da poliquimioterapia.Método:estudo de natureza qualitativa fundamentado na abordagem histórico-cultural de Vigotski, a qual orientou a construção e análise dos dados. Foram incluídos oito entrevistados que já tiveram hanseníase e que realizaram tratamento no período sulfônico e da poliquimioterapia, sendo participantes do Movimento de Reintegração das Pessoas Atingidas pela Hanseníase.Resultados:os significados foram organizados em três núcleos de significação: manchas no corpo: alguma coisa está fora de ordem; lepra ou hanseníase? e hanseníase a partir da inserção no Movimento de Reintegração das Pessoas Atingidas pela Hanseníase.Conclusão:os significados de hanseníase para pessoas tratadas nos dois períodos apontam para a construção complexa dos mesmos, indicando diferenças e semelhanças nos dois períodos. Os profissionais de saúde podem contribuir para a mudança de significados, pois esses são socialmente construídos e as transformações são contínuas.Objective: to analyze the meanings of leprosy for people treated during the sulfonic and multidrug therapy periods.Method: qualitative nature study based on the Vigotski's historical-cultural approach, which guided the production and analysis of data. It included eight respondents who have had leprosy and were submitted to sulfonic and multidrug therapy treatments. The participants are also members of the Movement for Reintegration of People Affected by Leprosy.Results: the meanings were organized into three meaning cores: spots on the body: something is out of order; leprosy or hanseniasis? and leprosy from the inclusion in the Movement for Reintegration of People Affected by Leprosy.Conclusion: the meanings of leprosy for people submitted to both regimens point to a complex construction thereof, indicating differences and similarities in both treatments. Health professionals may contribute to the change of the meanings, since these are socially constructed and the changes are continuous

Nursing diagnoses of newborns with sepsis in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

OBJECTIVES: to elaborate the Nursing Diagnoses of newborns with sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit and characterize the profile of the neonates and their mothers.METHOD: a cross-sectional and quantitative study, with a sample of 41 neonates. A physical examination and consultation of the hospital records were undertaken, using an instrument. The elaboration of the Nursing Diagnoses followed a process of diagnostic inference and was based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association 2012-2014.RESULTS: the mothers were around 25 years old, had a low average number of pre-natal consultations, and various complications during the pregnancy; and the newborns were predominantly premature and with very low birth weights. Five Nursing Diagnoses predominated, and all the neonates presented Risk of Shock and Risk of fluid volume imbalance.CONCLUSION: the Nursing Diagnoses of the neonates with sepsis can guide the formulating of specific assistential plans. The study contributes to the generation of new knowledge and found various relationships between the Nursing Diagnoses and the variables selected in the characterization of the neonates, which deserve to be elucidated in greater detail based on further research on the issue