University-industry linkages and the role of the geographical proximity

The main aim of this paper is to exam the local dimension of the university and industry linkages. It is widely recognized in the literature that academic research is an important source of new knowledge to the innovative efforts of the firms. Many authors, such as Audrescht and Feldman (1996), Acs and Varga (2005), Breschi and Lissoni (2009), have shown that academic research is positively correlated with firms’ innovation at the geographical level. There are two reasons that are pointed out for this correlation. First, there are many ways in which knowledge generated by academic research can spill over to the firms, such as research papers, patents and informal contacts. Second, geographical proximity can encourage cooperation between academic researchers and the R&D staff in the firms. In this way, this paper tries to measure empirically the geographical dimension of the university-industry linkages in Brazil, in the same way to the first effort presented in ERSA 2010 (Garcia et al, 2010). To do that, it was used data from the Brazilian Research Council (CNPq), collected at the CNPq Directory of Research Groups of Brazilian universities. The data shows that in 2008 there were 22,797 research groups from 422 institutions. Among these research groups, 2,726 declared that they have interactions with more than 3,800 firms, which means 5,132 interactions between university and industry. Data were organized both in firm-level and in research group-level; allow the identification of the localization of the firm and of the research group. Among the 5,132 interactions between firms and research groups, it was possible to see that 43.6% of interactions occur inside the same city; 51.2% inside the same region; and 75.3% in the same state. These results show the importance of the local dimension of the interactions between academic research of the university and innovative efforts of the firms. In addition, it was done some empirical tests in order to identify the main factors that contribute to foster university-industry linkages.

Entendendo a Configuração de Estudos Sobre Organizações Virtuais: Uma Síntese de Temas para Pesquisas Futuras

The use of new technologies made it possible to improve business andtransactions, reinforce cooperation models, strategic alliances andinternal and external networks for enterprises. In addition, companiesgain competitiveness, innovation and explore new markets. In thiscontext, the virtual organization has become an important research topic.However, given the complexity of the issue several areas have studiedvirtual organizations under different aspects which may delay thedirection and contribution of research on this subject. In order to identifyand evaluate the production of recent years, it was possible tounderstand the recent research configuration to serve as a source forfuture research opportunities. Therefore, from a systematic literaturereview, a classification was created to analyze the characteristics of theevents and the scientific journals in which these references werepublished. Despite the systematic method used for the search ofreferences, this study cannot be considered exhaustive and wasconducted in order to explore and describe the topics related withcooperation and innovation in virtual organizations. It was observed that,regardless of the channel (event, scientific journal), most of thereferences is regarded, first, to Computing or Systems and, secondly, tothe Management or Production, two areas of study with opportunities forfuture researches. Theme researchers or new researchers interested inthis topic can thus understand the configuration of the studies inapproaches with feasibility to be explored in the future.A utilização das novas tecnologias tornou possível agilizar negócios e transações, reforçar os modelos de cooperação, as alianças estratégicas e as redes internas e externas às empresas, além de propiciar competitividade, inovação e exploração de novos mercados. Nesse contexto, a organização virtual tornou-se um importante tema de pesquisa. Porém, dada a complexidade do tema, diversas áreas têm estudado as organizações virtuais sob diferentes aspectos, o que pode dificultar o direcionamento e a contribuição de pesquisas relativas ao tema. Com o objetivo de identificar e avaliar a produção bibliográfica dos últimos anos, foi possível entender a configuração recente de pesquisa para servir como fonte para futuras oportunidades de pesquisa. Assim, a partir de revisão sistemática da literatura, foi criada uma classificação para analisar as características dos eventos e das revistas científicas, nas quais essas referências foram publicadas. Apesar do método sistemático utilizado para a busca das referências, este trabalho não pode ser considerado exaustivo e foi realizado com o intuito de explorar e descrever os temas de estudo sobre cooperação e inovação nas organizações virtuais. Notou-se que, independentemente do canal (evento, revista), a maioria das referências diz respeito, primeiro, a Computação ou Sistemas e, em segundo lugar, a Gestão ou Produção, duas vertentes de estudos com oportunidades para futuras pesquisas. Pesquisadores do tema ou novos interessados podem, assim, compreender a configuração dos estudos em linhas passíveis de ser exploradas futuramente

Characteristics Associated With The Lack Of Interest In Use Of The Internet In Brazil

International organizations cooperate to design methodologies, indicators and metrics capable of measuring access and effective use of new technologies by different sectors of society. The use of the Internet offers many benefits to everyone who is willing to use it, mainly because it makes an enormous amount of information easily available. The many uses one can have through use of the internet have made it a valuable tool in various settings of a person’s social life. However, some people do not use the Internet and do not care about using the internet. Therefore, the motivation of this research is to study the characteristics of those who do not have interest in the use of internet, despite the many known advantages

Developing strength-endurance for combat sports athletes

[EN] Strength-endurance is one of the trainable physical capacities that could determine the success in some combat sports and its inclusion is obligatory in the training periodization of high-level athletes. In striking combat sports, such as boxing and taekwondo, it seems likely that increases in dynamic strength-endurance improve the ability to execute combat movements repeatedly. On the other hand, grapplers need to develop high levels of strength-endurance because during the match much time is spent in grip dispute and the success in this phase may determine the possibility to execute scoring techniques. Furthermore, in mixed combat sports, where a combination of striking and grappling are required, athletes needs to have the capacity to maintain dynamic or static muscular actions during prolonged periods during the match, and the strength-endurance is one key element. Therefore, this chapter presents the strength-endurance requirements during the match, the specific tests for its evaluation, scientific evidence of longitudinal studies on the development of strength-endurance in combat sports athletes and the methods for its development

Meio Ambiente como Fator de Desenvolvimento Econômico: Índice de Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico Ambiental Brasileiro

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as condições socioeconômicas e ambientais para os municípios brasileiros no ano de 2010.   Referencial teórico: A questão ambiental assume uma grande relevância no cenário atual fortemente relacionada aos problemas ambientais como o aquecimento global, a utilização de recursos naturais não renováveis, a ocupação inadequada e a degradação dos solos agricultáveis, escassez, mau uso e poluição das águas dentre outros. Ademais, à medida que a população e o consumo aumentam, a questão ambiental exige soluções novas e cada vez mais influencia o planejamento e a tomada de decisão (SACHS, 2007). Os problemas ambientais levaram os indivíduos a reconhecerem que a qualidade ambiental do meio em que vivem é importante para o seu desenvolvimento socioeconômico.   Metodologia/abordagem: Por meio da análise fatorial, construiu-se o Índice de Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico Ambiental para o Brasil no ano de 2010, último censo demográfico realizado no país, para avaliar as condições de qualidade de vida da população e qualidade ambiental dos municípios brasileiros e ainda a aplicação da análise de clusters, com a finalidade de caracterizar e agrupar os municípios brasileiros com base nas suas semelhanças (e peculiaridades) em relação às condições socioeconômicas e ambientais.   Principais Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que o Brasil possui um Índice de Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico Ambiental baixo, quando se observa suas riquezas naturais, mas pode ser válido devido às falhas na educação, saúde e infraestrutura. A adoção de medidas que vise à melhoria dessas falhas levaria a um avanço nas condições de vida e na qualidade ambiental, gerando um efeito positivo para todo o país.   Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O Índice de Desenvolvimento Socioeconô­mico Ambiental construído apresentou uma média relativamente baixa, o que permitiu concluir que as condições ambientais dos municípios estudados constituíram um fator redutor do nível de desenvolvimento humano, já que o país apresenta um bom IDH tradicional, que o coloca na faixa das nações com “elevado desenvolvimento humano”

Developing muscle power for combat sports athletes

[EN] In combat sports, the specificity of the training requires that the athlete improve all performance indicators associated with the match. For this reason, muscle power seems to be determinant during the application of the techniques that result in scores, specifically punches, kicks, elbows, knees, throwing techniques, transitions to the groundwork and some groundwork techniques and sometimes, the win match by knockout. Based in these information’s, the present chapter will approach items referring to the muscle power manifestation and monitoring, and to the training prescription of exercises for the grappling, striking and mixed combat sport

PROPOSIÇÃO DE UM PLANO DE AÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS PARA ASSOCIAÇÕES DE ALUNOS EGRESSOS BASEADO EM BENCHMARKING

Uma preocupação comum em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) é manter o aluno formado ligado às atividades educacionais, entendendo que a promoção do relacionamento estendido para além do período de realização do curso propicia oportunidades de networking e continuidade do processo de geração de conhecimento. As Associações de Alunos Egressos são organizações formais destinadas a fortalecer os laços entre IES e egressos porém, no Brasil, essas Associações enfrentam certas barreiras culturais que dificultam sua implantacão. Desta forma, uma Associação que busque a adesão e a participação dos egressos deve investir no desenvolvimento de um plano de ações estratégicas que despertem o interesse do público-alvo. Baseada em pesquisa documental combinada com survey, este estudo se propõe a, por meio de benchmarking, analisar as práticas das Associações Alunos Egressos de IES bem avaliadas e apresentar um plano de ações estratégicas que atenda as atuais necessidades do mercado

University-industry linkages and the role of the geographical proximity

The main aim of this paper is to exam the local dimension of the university and industry linkages. It is widely recognized in the literature that academic research is an important source of new knowledge to the innovative efforts of the firms. Many authors, such as Audrescht and Feldman (1996), Acs and Varga (2005), Breschi and Lissoni (2009), have shown that academic research is positively correlated with firms' innovation at the geographical level. There are two reasons that are pointed out for this correlation. First, there are many ways in which knowledge generated by academic research can spill over to the firms, such as research papers, patents and informal contacts. Second, geographical proximity can encourage cooperation between academic researchers and the R&D staff in the firms. In this way, this paper tries to measure empirically the geographical dimension of the university-industry linkages in Brazil, in the same way to the first effort presented in ERSA 2010 (Garcia et al, 2010). To do that, it was used data from the Brazilian Research Council (CNPq), collected at the CNPq Directory of Research Groups of Brazilian universities. The data shows that in 2008 there were 22,797 research groups from 422 institutions. Among these research groups, 2,726 declared that they have interactions with more than 3,800 firms, which means 5,132 interactions between university and industry. Data were organized both in firm-level and in research group-level; allow the identification of the localization of the firm and of the research group. Among the 5,132 interactions between firms and research groups, it was possible to see that 43.6% of interactions occur inside the same city; 51.2% inside the same region; and 75.3% in the same state. These results show the importance of the local dimension of the interactions between academic research of the university and innovative efforts of the firms. In addition, it was done some empirical tests in order to identify the main factors that contribute to foster university-industry linkages