La protesta in tempo di crisi Una comparazione tra Italia e Francia

L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di analizzare il conflitto sociale espresso in eventi di protesta negli ultimi due anni in Francia e in Italia. La tesi non si traduce però nella mera descrizione degli eventi di protesta verificatisi nel periodo di riferimento prescelto: abbiamo cercato di indicare, attraverso un confronto comparato tra Italia e Francia, se all’interno di un certo contesto esistessero differenze o caratteristiche che dipendono tipicamente dalle opportunità, dalle tradizioni e dalle culture di questi paesi. Per portare avanti questo tipo di studio è stato necessario l’utilizzo di fonti secondarie, da cui ricavare informazioni sulle caratteristiche dei vari conflitti ed il loro variare nel tempo. Lo strumento utilizzato è stata la carta stampata: il Corriere della sera e Le Figaro. Attraverso l’utilizzo della PEA (Protest event analysis) abbiamo prima presentato le tabelle di frequenza, e poi costruito diverse tabelle di contingenza, presentando i risultati degli incroci statisticamente significativi, che permettono di affermare l’eventuale correlazione statistica tra le diverse categorie in cui abbiamo scomposto i singoli eventi di protesta. Non manca, a corredo della parte empirica, una parte descrittiva utile ad inquadrare i movimenti di protesta nel contesto in cui essi si sono verificati: questo ha reso necessaria, nella prima parte del lavoro, una sintetica rassegna dei principali eventi politici verificatisi dal secondo dopoguerra ad oggi (con un particolare focus sugli anni 2011/2012) oltre ad una sintesi dei principali contributi teorici relativi ai movimenti di protesta. Considerato il ruolo assunto, ed anticipando i risultati esposti nel capitolo finale, è stato dedicato un capitolo ai sindacati, in quanto strumento principale attraverso cui gli attori sociali hanno rappresentato le proprie istanze in tempi di crisi economica

Chapter Mappare la cultura Fab Lab. Processi e principi per il futuro della Città, dell’Architettura e del Design

The 43rd UID conference, held in Genova, takes up the theme of ‘Dialogues’ as practice and debate on many fundamental topics in our social life, especially in these complex and not yet resolved times. The city of Genova offers the opportunity to ponder on the value of comparison and on the possibilities for the community, naturally focused on the aspects that concern us, as professors, researchers, disseminators of knowledge, or on all the possibile meanings of the discipline of representation and its dialogue with ‘others’, which we have broadly catalogued in three macro areas: History, Semiotics, Science / Technology. Therefore, “dialogue” as a profitable exchange based on a common language, without which it is impossible to comprehend and understand one another; and the graphic sign that connotes the conference is the precise transcription of this concept: the title ‘translated’ into signs, derived from the visual alphabet designed for the visual identity of the UID since 2017. There are many topics which refer to three macro sessions: - Witnessing (signs and history) - Communicating (signs and semiotics) - Experimenting (signs and sciences) Thanks to the different points of view, an exceptional resource of our disciplinary area, we want to try to outline the prevailing theoretical-operational synergies, the collaborative lines of an instrumental nature, the recent updates of the repertoires of images that attest and nourish the relations among representation, history, semiotics, sciences

Genetic diversity and variability in two Italian autochthonous donkey genetic types assessed by microsatellite markers

Since 13rd century, Italian domestic autochthonous donkey population has been characterised by Mediterranean grey mousy cruciate ancestral phenotype, currently typical of Amiata donkey (AD) genetic type. This phenotype persisted up to the 16th century when a marked introduction of Hispanic and French big sized and dark bay or darkish coloured sires occurred. In the context of a safeguard programme of Latial Equide resources, the aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity and similarity between the AD breed and an autochthonous donkey population native from Lazio, the Viterbese donkey (VD), using molecular markers. A total of 135 animals (50 AD and 85 VD) were genetically characterised by using 16 short tandem repeat markers. A high genetic differentiation between populations (FST=0.158; P<.01) and a low between-breeds genetic similarity (0.233±0.085) were observed. Correspondence analysis, the result of STRUCTURE software analysis and analysis of molecular variance would seem to indicate genetically different entities as well. It would be desirable to increase the number of comparison with other breeds to better understand the origin of VD. Moreover, results obtained in this study suggest that the loss of genetic variation observed in VD could mainly derive from unnoticed sub-population structuring (Wahlund effect), rather than to other factors such as inbreeding, null alleles or selection influence

Genetic diversity and variability in two Italian autochthonous donkey genetic types assessed by microsatellite markers

Since 13rd century, Italian domestic autochthonous donkey population has been characterised by Mediterranean grey mousy cruciate ancestral phenotype, currently typical of Amiata donkey (AD) genetic type. This phenotype persisted up to the 16th century when a marked introduction of Hispanic and French big sized and dark bay or darkish coloured sires occurred. In the context of a safeguard programme of Latial Equide resources, the aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity and similarity between the AD breed and an autochthonous donkey population native from Lazio, the Viterbese donkey (VD), using molecular markers. A total of 135 animals (50 AD and 85 VD) were genetically characterised by using 16 short tandem repeat markers. A high genetic differentiation between populations (FST=0.158; P<0.01) and a low betweenbreeds genetic similarity (0.233±0.085) were observed. Correspondence analysis, the result of STRUCTURE software analysis and analysis of molecular variance would seem to indicate genetically different entities as well. It would be desirable to increase the number of comparison with other breeds to better understand the origin of VD. Moreover, results obtained in this study suggest that the loss of genetic variation observed in VD could mainly derive from unnoticed sub-population structuring (Wahlund effect), rather than to other factors such as inbreeding, null alleles or selection influence

Hyperhomocysteinemia and C677T MTHFR genotype in patients with retinal vein thrombosis.

Introduction: Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with the risk of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. Several studies have suggested that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) may predispose to retinal vein thrombosis (RVT) development. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between Hcy, C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype, and RVT in patients compared with controls. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the Hcy plasma level of 3114 consecutive participants in 2 Italian centers during a 2-year period. Hyperhomocysteinemia was found in 99 patients and 136 healthy participants. Of the 99 patients, 20 had RVT with a high prevalence of HHcy in the RVT subgroup (20.2%). This result suggested a possible relationship between HHcy and RVT development. We investigated 105 consecutive patients with recent diagnosis of RVT, and we compared them with 226 healthy controls to evaluate whether HHcy may be a risk factor for RVT. Results: the prevalence of HHcy was higher in patients compared with controls (34.3% vs 14.2%; P < .001). The MTHFR C677T genotype was found in 69 of 105 (65.7%) patients with RVT (heterozygosity: 40 of 105 and homozygosity: 29 of 105). The control group showed the presence of MTHFR C677T genotype in 169 of 226 participants (74.8%; heterozygosity: 100 of 226 and homozygosity: 69 of 226) without difference between the 2 groups (P = .08). Conclusion: our study suggests that HHcy is a possible risk factor for RVT development, while no association was found between RVT and the C677T MTHFR genotype

Recent transmission clustering of HIV-1 C and CRF17_BF strains characterized by NNRTI-related mutations among newly diagnosed men in central Italy

Increased evidence of relevant HIV-1 epidemic transmission in European countries is being reported, with an increased circulation of non-B-subtypes. Here, we present two recent HIV-1 non-B transmission clusters characterized by NNRTI-related amino-acidic mutations among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected men, living in Rome (Central-Italy)

Early clinical experience with volumetric modulated arc therapy in head and neck cancer patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To report about early clinical experience in radiation treatment of head and neck cancer of different sites and histology by volumetric modulated arcs with the RapidArc technology.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>During 2009, 45 patients were treated at Istituto Clinico Humanitas with RapidArc (28 males and 17 females, median age 65 years). Of these, 78% received concomitant chemotherapy. Thirty-six patients were treated as exclusive curative intent (group A), three as postoperative curative intent (group B) and six with sinonasal tumours (group C). Dose prescription was at Planning Target Volumes (PTV) with simultaneous integrated boost: 54.45Gy and 69.96Gy in 33 fractions (group A); 54.45Gy and 66Gy in 33 fractions (group B) and 55Gy in 25 fractions (group C).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Concerning planning optimization strategies and constraints, as per PTV coverage, for all groups, D_98%> 95% and V_95%> 99%. As regards organs at risk, all planning objectives were respected, and this was correlated with observed acute toxicity rates. Only 28% of patients experienced G3 mucositis, 14% G3 dermitis 44% had G2 dysphagia. Nobody required feeding tubes to be placed during treatment. Acute toxicity is also related to chemotherapy. Two patients interrupted the course of radiotherapy because of a quick worsening of general clinical condition.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These preliminary results stated that volumetric modulated arc therapy in locally advanced head and neck cancers is feasible and effective, with acceptable toxicities.</p

Antiretroviral treatment efficacy after mutations reversion during T20 monotherapy, an alternative strategy in multi-failed HIV-1 infected patients

Purpose of the study Monotherapy maintenance with 3TC after multiple therapeutic failure, helps in maintaining the number of CD4, but, at the same time, slows down the speed of reversion of mutations usually achieved during complete interruption of therapy. Monotherapy with enfuvirtide (T20) can be an interesting alternative to 3TC monotherapy, due to the CD4-enhancement typical of this drug even during therapeutic failure. Aim of this study was to assess, in a proof-of-concept study, the efficacy of T20-monotherapy to maintain the levels of CD4, to allow reversal of mutations in the pol gene, and eventually to favor long-term success of subsequent HAART