Security Impact Analysis of Degree of Field Extension in Lattice Attacks on Ring-LWE Problem

Modern information communications use cryptography to keep the contents of communications confidential. RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography, which are public-key cryptosystems, are widely used cryptographic schemes. However, it is known that these cryptographic schemes can be deciphered in a very short time by Shor's algorithm when a quantum computer is put into practical use. Therefore, several methods have been proposed for quantum computer-resistant cryptosystems that cannot be cracked even by a quantum computer. A simple implementation of LWE-based lattice cryptography based on the LWE (Learning With Errors) problem requires a key length of $O(n^2)$ to ensure the same level of security as existing public-key cryptography schemes such as RSA and elliptic curve cryptography. In this paper, we attacked the Ring-LWE (RLWE) scheme, which can be implemented with a short key length, with a modified LLL (Lenstra-Lenstra-Lov\'asz) basis reduction algorithm and investigated the trend in the degree of field extension required to generate a secure and small key. Results showed that the lattice-based cryptography may be strengthened by employing Cullen or Mersenne prime numbers as the degree of field extension.Comment: accepted in COMPSAC 2023 Workshop DSML: The 1st IEEE International Workshop on Data Science & Machine Learning for Cybersecurity, IoT & Digital Forensic

Oligodendrocyte-derived LGI3 and its receptor ADAM23 organize juxtaparanodal Kv1 channel clustering for short-term synaptic plasticity

Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, and autism, involve altered synaptic transmission and plasticity. Functional characterization of their associated genes is vital for understanding physio-pathological brain functions. LGI3 is a recently recognized ID-associated gene encoding a secretory protein related to an epilepsy-gene product, LGI1. Here, we find that LGI3 is uniquely secreted from oligodendrocytes in the brain and enriched at juxtaparanodes of myelinated axons, forming nanoscale subclusters. Proteomic analysis using epitope-tagged Lgi3 knockin mice shows that LGI3 uses ADAM23 as a receptor and selectively co-assembles with Kv1 channels. A lack of Lgi3 in mice disrupts juxtaparanodal clustering of ADAM23 and Kv1 channels and suppresses Kv1-channel-mediated short-term synaptic plasticity. Collectively, this study identifies an extracellular organizer of juxtaparanodal Kv1 channel clustering for finely tuned synaptic transmission. Given the defective secretion of the LGI3 missense variant, we propose a molecular pathway, the juxtaparanodal LGI3-ADAM23-Kv1 channel, for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.<br/

Toward standardization of “reasonable accommodation” for students with disabilities by evaluating its validity

障害学生支援における合理的配慮の妥当性評価を行い，その結果で基準案を作成することを目的とする。障害学生支援または保健管理に携わるスタッフ７名が，仮想事例５事例（聴覚，肢体不自由，発達障害２例，内部障害）に対して，合理的配慮例（授業の情報保障，欠席時の対応，履修基準に関わること，連絡，実習（教育実習，臨床実習），グループ学習・実験，試験，生活支援にも係ること，課外活動，研修会など計80例）について，合理的配慮として妥当性を評価した。妥当性は９段階評価で採点し，「１点：妥当でない ←→５点：中間 ←→９点：妥当」とし，それぞれのスタッフが独立して絶対評価した。さらに，回答者は，全員の１回目の集計結果を見て，再度回答し，デルファイ法に準じて集約を試みた。その結果いずれの仮想事例においても共通して妥当性が「中位」以上とされた事項は，「病院受診のための欠席時には講義の資料が欲しい」，「レポート課題の期限延長」，「重要事項，急な予定変更は，学生用電子掲示板システムへの掲示又は文書で明示」，「事前に作業工程，制限時間，注意事項等を文書で具体的に明示」，「申請，書類作成等に関する助言」，「就労移行支援事業所と連携した就労支援」，「支援関係学生教職員に啓発講習会を開催」であった。その他個々の事例に応じたものがあった。支援の対象も，内容・範囲もますます多様となり，障害学生支援を，より効果的に実施するためには，本人・関係者間での建設的な相談・対話が重要である。その前提として，支援者側はどのような支援が必要であるかの一般的知識と，必要度の定量的評価も知っておくことが有用と考えられた。The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the rational consideration of reasonable accommodations to be made for students with disabilities and to draft an appropriate standard. Seven health management or student support professionals involved in this study. Five fictional cases of disabilities (auditory impairment, physical disability, developmental disorder (2 cases), internal disability) and 80 examples of reasonable accommodations were prepared. The participants evaluated the validity of each example on a scale of 1 to 9. The results were revised and aggregated in accordance with the Delphi method. Examples of reasonable accommodations commonly evaluated as “moderately or highly valid” among the participants were as follows. “Providing lecture materials in absence due to hospital visit”, “Extending the deadline for submission of papers”, “Notification of schedule changes online or by sending notes”, “Prior notification in writing of processes, time limits, and precautions”, “Giving necessary advice on filling out application and other forms”, “Providing transition support for employment”, and “Holding workshops on disability support for faculty, staff, and students”. Constructive dialogue with students with disabilities is important to determine the most effective support methods. Moreover, it is also useful to know which reasonable accommodations are considered highly “valid” or “reasonable” based on quantitative evaluations.本研究の一部はJSPS科研費15K01683「心身の疾病・発達障害等のある学生への合理的配慮の基準に関する検討」の助成を受けた。また，本研究の一部は第46回中国四国大学保健管理研究集会（H28.8.26，広島市），第47回中国四国大学保健管理研究集会（H29.8.25，高知市），第55回全国大学保健管理研究集会（H29.11.29，沖縄県宜野湾市）において発表した

Caloric restriction augments radiation efficacy in breast cancer.

Dietary modification such as caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to decrease tumor initiation and progression. We sought to determine if nutrient restriction could be used as a novel therapeutic intervention to enhance cytotoxic therapies such as radiation (IR) and alter the molecular profile of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which displays a poor prognosis. In two murine models of TNBC, significant tumor regression is noted with IR or diet modification, and a greater regression is observed combining diet modification with IR. Two methods of diet modification were compared, and it was found that a daily 30% reduction in total calories provided more significant tumor regression than alternate day feeding. At the molecular level, tumors treated with CR and IR showed less proliferation and more apoptosis. cDNA array analysis demonstrated the IGF-1R pathway plays a key role in achieving this physiologic response, and multiple members of the IGF-1R pathway including IGF-1R, IRS, PIK3ca and mTOR were found to be downregulated. The innovative use of CR as a novel therapeutic option has the potential to change the biology of tumors and enhance the opportunity for clinical benefit in the treatment of patients with TNBC

Chemical Processes in Protoplanetary Disks II. On the importance of photochemistry and X-ray ionization

We investigate the impact of photochemistry and X-ray ionization on the molecular composition of, and ionization fraction in, a protoplanetary disk surrounding a typical T Tauri star. We use a sophisticated physical model, which includes a robust treatment of the radiative transfer of UV and X-ray radiation, and calculate the time-dependent chemical structure using a comprehensive chemical network. In previous work, we approximated the photochemistry and X-ray ionization, here, we recalculate the photoreaction rates using the explicit UV wavelength spectrum and wavelength-dependent reaction cross sections. We recalculate the X-ray ionization rate using our explicit elemental composition and X-ray energy spectrum. We find photochemistry has a larger influence on the molecular composition than X-ray ionization. Observable molecules sensitive to the photorates include OH, HCO+, N2H+, H2O, CO2 and CH3OH. The only molecule significantly affected by the X-ray ionization is N2H+ indicating it is safe to adopt existing approximations of the X-ray ionization rate in typical T Tauri star-disk systems. The recalculation of the photorates increases the abundances of neutral molecules in the outer disk, highlighting the importance of taking into account the shape of the UV spectrum in protoplanetary disks. A recalculation of the photoreaction rates also affects the gas-phase chemistry due to the adjustment of the H/H2 and C+/C ratios. The disk ionization fraction is not significantly affected by the methods adopted to calculate the photochemistry and X-ray ionization. We determine there is a probable 'dead zone' where accretion is suppressed, present in a layer, Z/R <~ 0.1 - 0.2, in the disk midplane, within R \approx 200 AU.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in Ap

Hall equilibrium of thin Keplerian disks embedded in mixed poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields

Axisymmetric steady-state weakly ionized Hall-MHD Keplerian thin disks are investigated by using asymptotic expansions in the small disk aspect ratio \epsilon. The model incorporates the azimuthal and poloidal components of the magnetic fields in the leading order in \epsilon. The disk structure is described by an appropriate Grad-Shafranov equation for the poloidal flux function \psi that involves two arbitrary functions of \psi for the toroidal and poloidal currents. The flux function is symmetric about the midplane and satisfies certain boundary conditions at the near-horizontal disk edges. The boundary conditions model the combined effect of the primordial as well as the dipole-like magnetic fields. An analytical solution for the Hall equilibrium is achieved by further expanding the relevant equations in an additional small parameter \delta that is inversely proportional to the Hall parameter. It is thus found that the Hall equilibrium disks fall into two types: Keplerian disks with (i) small (Rd ~\delta^0) and (ii) large (Rd > \delta^k, k > 0) radius of the disk. The numerical examples that are presented demonstrate the richness and great variety of magnetic and density configurations that may be achieved under the Hall-MHD equilibrium

Glomerulopatia por IgA com crescentes fibrocelulares e associada à psoríase

Alguns estudos têm demonstrado uma ligação entre glomerulonefrite por IgA e psoríase e/ou uso de drogas anti-TNF. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente com artrite psoriática, em uso de anti-TNF por quatro anos, que apresentou nefropatia por IgA agravada por crescentes na biópsia renal e insuficiência renal necessitando de hemodiálise. Após a realização de terapia com metilprednisolona IV e três meses de corticoide oral, houve melhora significativa na função renal e proteinúria. O tratamento de diálise foi interrompido e tratamentos com SGLT-2 inibidores foram iniciados

Adjustment process of reasonable accommodation for students with disability

本研究の一部はJSPS科研費15K01683の助成を受けた。 本研究の一部は第45回中国四国大学保健管理研究集会（平成27年８月，徳島市），並びに第53回全国大学保健管理研究集会（平成27年９月，盛岡市）で発表した