Edge Detection: A Collection of Pixel based Approach for Colored Images

The existing traditional edge detection algorithms process a single pixel on an image at a time, thereby calculating a value which shows the edge magnitude of the pixel and the edge orientation. Most of these existing algorithms convert the coloured images into gray scale before detection of edges. However, this process leads to inaccurate precision of recognized edges, thus producing false and broken edges in the image. This paper presents a profile modelling scheme for collection of pixels based on the step and ramp edges, with a view to reducing the false and broken edges present in the image. The collection of pixel scheme generated is used with the Vector Order Statistics to reduce the imprecision of recognized edges when converting from coloured to gray scale images. The Pratt Figure of Merit (PFOM) is used as a quantitative comparison between the existing traditional edge detection algorithm and the developed algorithm as a means of validation. The PFOM value obtained for the developed algorithm is 0.8480, which showed an improvement over the existing traditional edge detection algorithms.Comment: 5 Page

Super-harmonic injection locking of nano-contact spin-torque vortex oscillators

Super-harmonic injection locking of single nano-contact (NC) spin-torque vortex oscillators (STVOs) subject to a small microwave current has been explored. Frequency locking was observed up to the fourth harmonic of the STVO fundamental frequency $f_{0}$ in microwave magneto-electronic measurements. The large frequency tunability of the STVO with respect to $f_{0}$ allowed the device to be locked to multiple sub-harmonics of the microwave frequency $f_{RF}$, or to the same sub-harmonic over a wide range of $f_{RF}$ by tuning the DC current. In general, analysis of the locking range, linewidth, and amplitude showed that the locking efficiency decreased as the harmonic number increased, as expected for harmonic synchronization of a non-linear oscillator. Time-resolved scanning Kerr microscopy (TRSKM) revealed significant differences in the spatial character of the magnetization dynamics of states locked to the fundamental and harmonic frequencies, suggesting significant differences in the core trajectories within the same device. Super-harmonic injection locking of a NC-STVO may open up possibilities for devices such as nanoscale frequency dividers, while differences in the core trajectory may allow mutual synchronisation to be achieved in multi-oscillator networks by tuning the spatial character of the dynamics within shared magnetic layers.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figure

Digital Technology: the Effect of Connected World to Computer Ethic and Family

The development of digital technology such as smartphones, tablets and other gadgets grows very rapidly in the last decade so does the development of mobile applications for those mobile systems or smartphones. Unfortunately, those applications often do not specify the age range for their users. This is actually a problem in the world of digital technology and software development. It is not yet known whether the applications is good be used for children or not. Nowadays, parents are faced with the dilemma of allowing their children to use these modern gadgets, which often lead to serious addiction or keeping them in the dark and risk raising ignorant kids. This research shows 80% of respondents agree or strongly agree that the gadget will affect to the development of children social skill. Therefore, in this research, the framework for ethical assessment is introduced and it can be applied to digital technology included gadget and its application in order to mitigate the negative effect of digital technology and gadgets

Direct observation of magnetization dynamics generated by nano-contact spin-torque vortex oscillators

Time-resolved scanning Kerr microscopy has been used to directly image the magnetization dynamics of nano-contact (NC) spin-torque vortex oscillators (STVOs) when phase-locked to an injected microwave (RF) current. The Kerr images reveal free layer magnetization dynamics that extend outside the NC footprint, where they cannot be detected electrically, but which are crucial to phase-lock STVOs that share common magnetic layers. For a single NC, dynamics were observed not only when the STVO frequency was fully locked to that of the RF current, but also for a partially locked state characterized by periodic changes in the core trajectory at the RF frequency. For a pair of NCs, images reveal the spatial character of dynamics that electrical measurements show to have enhanced amplitude and reduced linewidth. Insight gained from these images may improve understanding of the conditions required for mutual phase-locking of multiple STVOs, and hence enhanced microwave power emission.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Flexural performance of built-up cold-formed steel beam filled with compacted soil

Cold-formed steel is the well-liked structural materials in the construction industry and used as an alternative construction material upon the traditional material such as reinforced concrete, hot-rolled steel or timber. The purpose of compacted soil is filled into a cold formed steel section to contribute to the environmentally friendly with reasonable strength and can also reduce production costs without concrete beams. The cold-formed steel material is selected and combined with the compacted soil to construct the beam that could increase the ultimate moment. Compacted soil from the Kaolinite group is prepared and tested to find out its properties. Two cold-formed steel channels are connected face to face to form a built-up box section, tightened with bolts and nuts. Three different bolt spacing arrangements are prepared. The main purpose of the study is to determine the ultimate load of the beam with and without compacted soil, as well as to investigate the relationship of the bolt spacing arrangement to ultimate load resistance. From the result, built-up CFS beam with compacted soil (CFSBCS) showed higher values of the ultimate moment compared to built-up CFS beam without compacted soil (CFSB). Bolt arrangement in the middle spacing influenced the overall ultimate load resistance of the beam. The ultimate load resistance reduced when the length subtraction between bolt arrangement, B and C is less. It is concluded that CFSBCS is able to achieve reasonable ultimate moment and also able to increase initial stiffness

Identification of Dynamics Modal Parameter for Car Chassis

This paper explores and investigates the dynamic characteristics of car chassis structure by using experimental modal analysis (EMA) method and modal testing. Dynamic characteristics are divided into three parameters include natural frequency, damping factor and mode shape. In this study, modal testing was performed on the car chassis including the impact hammer and shaker test. Data analyzer was used to convert the response signal from the sensor, which was in the time domain to frequency domain. Result obtained from both methods, is compared on each axis (X, Y and Z axis). However, small discrepancy was observed in terms of natural frequency, which is within the range of 5%. Based on the results, interpretation and comparison were made for both methods

WISE colours and star-formation in the host galaxies of radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1

We investigate the mid-infrared properties of the largest (42 objects) sample of radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (RL NLS1) collected to date, using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). We analyse the mid-IR colours of these objects and compare them to what is expected from different combinations of AGN and galaxy templates. We find that, in general, the host-galaxy emission gives an importan contribution to the observed mid-IR flux in particular at the longest wavelengths (W3, at 12micron, and W4, at 22micron). In about half of the sources (22 objects) we observe a very red mid-IR colour (W4-W3>2.5) that can be explained only using a starburst galaxy template (M82). Using the 22micron luminosities, corrected for the AGN contribution, we have then estimated the star-formation rate for 20 of these "red" RL NLS1, finding values ranging from 10 to 500 Msun/y. For the RL NLS1 showing bluer colours, instead, we cannot exclude the presence of a star-forming host galaxy although, on average, we expect a lower star-formation rate. Studying the radio (1.4GHz) to mid-IR (22micron) flux ratios of the RL NLS1 in the sample we found that in ~10 objects the star-forming activity could represent the most important component also at radio frequencies, in addition (or in alternative) to the relativistic jet. We conclude that both the mid-IR and the radio emission of RL NLS1 are a mixture of different components, including the relativistic jet, the dusty torus and an intense star-forming activity.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 table

Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem Otomatisasi Pemeliharaan Tanaman Hidroponik

Nowadays automatitation is become a trend, even though people still using manual ways to do agriculture, especially in hydroponics plantation. By using this device, people don't have to do watering and maturing hydroponics plants again, because the system will do it automatically

Papan Skor Snooker Otomatis

Now days snooker score board still using conventional score board that is made of wood. Each time a ball got in to the pocket the players has to change score manually. With Automatic score board snooker player do not have to change the score manually. This Automatic score board can detect color of the ball witch got in to the pocket then change the score according to the color that represent some value

Analisis Efektivitas Distribusi Beras Miskin (Raskin) di Kota Medan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis apakah rumah tangga sasaran penerima manfaat Raskin di Kota Medan merupakan rumah tangga miskin, untuk menganalisis mekanisme penentuan rumah tangga miskin yang akan menjadi penerima manfaat Raskin di Kota Medan, untuk menganalisis sistem pendistribusian Raskin di Kota Medan dan untuk menganalisis keefektifan distribusi Raskin berdasarkan indikator enam tepat di Kota Medan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis efektivitas program Raskin sesuai ketetapan Pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa rumah tangga sasaran penerima manfaat Raskin di Kota Medan adalah rumah tangga miskin. Rumah tangga sasaran penerima manfaat Raskin di Kota Medan ditentukan oleh Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan berdasarkan data Program Perlindungan Sosial Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 2011. Sistem pendistribusian Raskin di Kota Medan adalah dimulai dari Walikota Medan menerbitkan Surat Permintaan Alokasi kepada Perum Bulog, Perum Bulog menerbitkan Surat Perintah Penyerahan Barang kecamatan dan kelurahan, Perum Bulog menyalurkan beras ke titik distribusi yaitu kantor kelurahan di masing-masing Kecamatan di kota Medan dan beras dibagikan ke penerima Raskin. Dalam pencapaian indikator keefektifan pendistribusian beras Raskin di Kota Medan dari sisi tepat sasaran, jumlah, harga, waktu, administrasi, dan kualitas belum sepenuhnya efektif