88 research outputs found
Using Classroom Video in Designing Open-ended Problem Situations
Teacher and teacher trainees have been introduced to practice Thailand Lesson Study incorporated Open Approach Model as the problem-solving-based teaching approach for the past two decades. The problem-solving-based teaching approach has to begin with posing open-ended problem situation in order to encourage students to solve the problem independently using their own method. Therefore, open-ended problem situation design is considered a key factor for teachers or teacher trainees to provide sufficient opportunities to studentsâ learning experiences in solving the problems (Inprasitha, 2017). As a result, this research was aimed to use video recordings of classroom teaching and expertsâ reflection practice to analyze teacher traineesâ abilities in designing open-ended problem situations. A total of 10 teacher trainees were selected from the Department of Mathematics (English Program), Faculty of Education, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage using a purposive sampling technique. A multi-cases study survey research design was employed using a qualitative approach. There were four research instruments used, namely lesson plan, video and audio recording, field notes, and interview protocol. Data were collected using various sources such as research lesson plans, audio, and video recording as well as interviewing. The results revealed that teacher trainees utilized classroom teaching videos to support them in clarifying indecisive problem situations, revising the sequence of teaching, and modifying appropriate words used in giving the direction of the problem situations. On the other hand, the expertsâ reflection video has successfully assisted them to have a better understanding of mathematical contents in problem-solving teaching approach and teacher traineesâ intention of each action in the learning activities
Mathematics Educatorsâ Perspective on Pre-service Mathematics Teachersâ Professional Competencies
This research was designed to study pre-service mathematics teachers' professional competencies to assist student learning by using Lesson Study and Open Approach innovations from mathematics educators' perspectives. A total of 35 mathematics educators have more than three years of experience not only in terms of utilizing the Lesson Study and Open Approach innovations but also in providing training to the pre-service mathematics teachers were selected. The researchers employed three data collection methods, namely document analysis, a survey using a questionnaire, and interviews. The obtained data from three sources was designed with the principle of triangulation. The findings of this research were presented under the three steps of the Thailand Lesson Study Model. In the first step, âCollaboratively Design Research Lesson Planâ, pre-service teachers can create problem situations that associated with the students' real world, can analyze the context of the problem situations, can analyze keywords that initiate students' ideas, can anticipate students' ideas, and can prepare teaching materials to support students' ideas. This is followed by the second step as âCollaboratively Observe Research Lessonâ. The findings revealed that pre-service teachers can observe studentsâ ideas when their students were solving mathematical problems, can notice studentsâ difficulties in their learning, can give feedback using words that match with studentsâ proficiency level, give students opportunities to show how to think and present their ideas, listen to and accept studentsâ opinions, and taking notes on studentsâ ideas or pieces of learning evidence. The findings of the final step namely âCollaboratively Reflect on Teaching Practiceâ showed that pre-service teachers could reflect the learning outcomes by correlating studentsâ ideas with the instructions
Initial operation of perpendicular line-of-sight compact neutron emission spectrometer in the large helical device
The perpendicular line-of-sight compact neutron emission spectrometer (perpendicular CNES) was newly installed to understand the helically trapped fast-ion behavior through deuteriumâdeuterium (DâD) neutron energy spectrum measurement in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The energy calibration of the EJ-301 liquid scintillation detector system for perpendicular CNES was performed on an accelerator-based DâD neutron source. We installed two EJ-301 liquid scintillation detectors, which view the LHD plasma vertically from the lower side through the multichannel collimator. The DâD neutron energy spectrum was measured in a deuterium perpendicular-neutral-beam-heated deuterium plasma. By the derivative unfolding technique, it was found that the DâD neutron energy spectrum had a double-humped shape with peaks at âŒ2.33 and âŒ2.65 MeV. DâD neutron energy spectrum was calculated based on the fast ion distribution function using guiding center orbit-following models considering the detectorâs energy resolution. The calculated peak energies in the DâD neutron energy spectrum almost match the experiment. In addition, a feasibility study toward the measurement of the energy distribution of ion-cyclotron-range-of-frequency-wave-accelerated beam ions was performed
Sensitivity of Gaussian energy broadening function of MCNP pulse height spectra on CLYC7 scintillation detector
The Cs2LiYCl6:Ce crystal (CLYC) is an inorganic scintillator which has been developed for the Îł-ray and neutron measurement with the high detection efficiency, high resolution, and no need unfolding technique. To enhance the measurement of the fast neutron, the CLYC with 7Li-enrichment (CLYC7) scintillator is developed. In this work, the response of the CLYC7 detector to Îł-ray is obtained using 137Cs Îł-ray calibration source and calculated using Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code (MCNP). A comparison of measured and calculated Îł-rays spectra is complicated by the fact that physical radiation detectors have finite energy resolution. In this study, we treated detector energy resolution effect by Gaussian energy broadening (GEB) in MCNP pulse height spectra calculation. We observe the parameters in the GEB function which provides simulation spectrum matches the experiment spectrum, especially on the photopeak region. The detail sensitivity of GEB function on CLYC7 scintillation detector is presented in this work
Predictive analysis for triton burnup ratio in HL-2A and HL-2M plasmas
The expected triton burnup ratio was analyzed based on numerical simulation to study the feasibility of demonstrating energetic particle confinement through 1 MeV triton burnup experiments in HL-2A and HL-2M. Calculations were conducted using LORBIT, a collisionless Lorentz orbit code, and FBURN, a neutron emission calculation code based on the classical confinement of energetic particles. First, the orbit loss and radial distribution of the tritons were evaluated using the LORBIT code. The LORBIT code revealed that all tritons were lost within âŒ10â6 s in HL-2A, whereas in HL-2M, most of the tritons were still confined at 10â3 s. The FBURN code calculated the deuteriumâtritium neutron emission rate using the radial distribution of 1 MeV tritons. The predictive analysis found that nearly no deuteriumâtritium neutrons remained in HL-2A at a plasma current of 160 kA. Also, in HL-2M, a significant triton burnup ratio could be obtained at the relatively high plasma currents of 1MA, 2MA, and 3MA. This analysis predicts that the triton burnup ratio exceeds 1% under relatively high plasma current conditions
Design and optimization of an advanced time-of-flight neutron spectrometer for deuterium plasmas of the large helical device
A time-of-flight neutron spectrometer based on the Time-Of-Flight Enhanced Diagnostic (TOFED) concept has been designed and is under development for the Large Helical Device (LHD). It will be the first advanced neutron spectrometer to measure the 2.45 MeV DâD neutrons (DDNs) from helical/stellarator plasmas. The main mission of the new TOFED is to study the supra-thermal deuterons generated from the auxiliary heating systems in helical plasmas by measuring the time-of-flight spectra of DDN. It will also measure the triton burnup neutrons (TBNs) from the d+t reactions, unlike the original TOFED in the EAST tokamak. Its capability of diagnosing the TBN ratios is evaluated in this work. This new TOFED is expected to be installed in the basement under the LHD hall and shares the collimator with one channel of the vertical neutron camera to define its line of sight. The distance from its primary scintillators to the equatorial plane of LHD plasmas is about 15.5 m. Based on Monte Carlo simulation by a GEANT4 model, the resolution of the DDN energy spectra is 6.6%. When projected onto the neutron rates that are typically obtained in LHD deuterium plasmas (an order of 1015 n/s with neutral beam injection), we expect to obtain the DDN and TBN counting rates of about 2.5â·â105 counts/s and 250 counts/s, respectively. This will allow us to analyze the DDN time-of-flight spectra on time scales of 0.1 s and diagnose the TBN emission rates in several seconds with one instrument, for the first time in helical/stellarator plasmas
A study of beam ion and deuteriumâdeuterium fusion-born triton transports due to energetic particle-driven magnetohydrodynamic instability in the large helical device deuterium plasmas
Understanding energetic particle transport due to magnetohydrodynamic instabilities excited by energetic particles is essential to apprehend alpha particle confinement in a fusion burning plasma. In the large helical device (LHD), beam ion and deuteriumâdeuterium fusion-born triton transport due to resistive interchange mode destabilized by helically-trapped energetic ions (EIC) are studied employing comprehensive neutron diagnostics, such as the neutron flux monitor and a newly developed scintillating fiber detector characterized by high detection efficiency. Beam ion transport due to EIC is studied in deuterium plasmas with full deuterium or hydrogen/deuterium beam injections. The total neutron emission rate (Sn) measurement indicates that EIC induces about a 6% loss of passing transit beam ions and a 60% loss of helically-trapped ions. The loss rate of helically-trapped ions, which drive EIC, is larger than the loss rate of passing transit beam ions. Furthermore, the drop of Sn increasing linearly with the EIC amplitude shows that barely confined beam ions existing near the confinement-loss boundary are lost due to EIC. In full deuterium conditions, a study of deuteriumâdeuterium fusion-born triton transport due to EIC is performed by time-resolved measurement of total secondary deuteriumâtritium neutron emission rate (Sn_DT). Drop of Sn_DT increases substantially with EIC amplitude to the third power and reaches up to 30%. The relation shows that not only tritons confined in confined-loss boundary, but also tritons confined in the inner region of a plasma, are substantially transported
Characteristics of neutron emission profile from neutral beam heated plasmas of the Large Helical Device at various magnetic field strengths
The neutron emission profile of deuterium plasma in the Large Helical Device was measured with a multi-sightline vertical neutron camera under various magnetic field strength conditions. It was found that the line-integrated neutron emission profile shifts outward in the co-neutral beam (NB) case and inward in the counter NB case. Here, co- and counter directions correspond to enhance and reduce the poloidal magnetic field directions, respectively. The shift becomes more significant when the magnetic field decreased in strength. The experimentally obtained neutron emission profile was compared with the orbit-following models simulated through the DELTA5D code. The calculated neutron emission profiles vary according to the magnetic field strength because of the change of beam ion orbit and the slowing down due to the plasma parameter changes. Although a relatively narrow profile was obtained in the calculations at the inboard side for the co-NB case in the relatively low field condition, the profiles obtained through calculation and experiment were almost qualitatively aligned
Studies of energetic particle transport induced by multiple Alfvén eigenmodes using neutron and escaping energetic particle diagnostics in Large Helical Device deuterium plasmas
Studies of energetic particle transport due to energetic-particle-driven Alfvénic instability have progressed using neutron and energetic particle diagnostics in Large Helical Device deuterium plasmas. Alfvénic instability excited by injecting an intensive neutral beam was observed by a magnetic probe and a far-infrared laser interferometer. The interferometer showed Alfvénic instability composed of three modes that existed from the core to the edge of the plasma. A comparison between the observed frequency and shear Alfvén spectra suggested that the mode activity was most likely classified as an Alfvénic avalanche. A neutron fluctuation detector and a fast ion loss detector indicated that Alfvénic instability induced transport and loss of co-going transit energetic ions. The dependence of the drop rate of the neutron signal on the Alfvénic instability amplitude showed that significant transport occurred. Significant transport might be induced by the large amplitude and radially extended multiple modes, as well as a large deviation of the energetic ion orbit from the flux surface
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