Application of the grading system for dental casts and panoramic radiographs – ABO/OGS in orthodontics: a topic review

In the last years, clinicians and researchers have evaluated orthodontic treatment outcomes through intraoral examination or the use of indices. One of the most frequently used indices is the Grading System for Dental Casts and Panoramic Radiographs System (CRE). A literature search was carried out in different databases such as PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane, and other sources, through a structured strategy using keywords and Boolean operators. The references that met the search criteria and the researchers' examination were obtained in full text, classified, and analyzed to collect information on the 4 set out topics: 1. CRE (ABO/OGS) in the evaluation of the quality of results, 2. CRE (ABO/OGS) and other indices, 3. CRE (ABO/OGS) digital implementation, 4. CRE (ABO/OGS) regional implementation. 103 articles were found, of which 52 were selected. The use of CRE worldwide was observed, showing that it is a versatile tool in multiple fields, such as analysis of therapeutic management, type of equipment used, measurement stability, performance of university and private services, among other topics aimed at knowing the result of orthodontic treatment. From other part, its use along with other indices seems to be a complement that would allow analysis of dental, skeletal, and facial variables not contemplated. The digital implementation of the CRE (ABO/OGS) shows to be a promising tool that after adjustments can bring advantages in the analysis of results. Likewise, it has been found that the use of CRE (ABO/OGS) within universities has generated improvement in treatment results when compared over time

Strain generated in the TMJ with class II malocclusions, treated with extraction of premolars and orthodontics: analysis with the finite element method

Introduction: premolar extraction is an alternative for the treatment of class II malocclusion. A change in biomechanics can generate alterations in the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ), which produces greater dental wear and the appearance of joint dysfunctions. The objective was to assess the effort concentration in the TMJ by means of finite element analysis in class II malocclusions treated with premolar extraction and orthodontics. Method: two 3D simulation models each with bone structures of the 2 jaws, complete dentition and disc in the TMJ. One corresponds to the patient without recurrence (WR) treated with extraction of first premolars and orthodontics, where class I dental stability is maintained. The other model with recurrence (R) treated with extraction of first premolars and orthodontics, increased overjet and overbite and canine class II; the load was applied to the mandibular ramus. Results: loads of 900N triplicated on all structures compared to 300N in both models. However, there were considerable differences between the left and right glenoid cavities in the WR model, at 300N of 19.9 MPa and 900N at 59.3 MPa. Most tensions of the disc occur in the lateral part. Conclusions: due to the asymmetry in the TMJ structures, the stresses and stress concentration differ between the right and left sides in the two models

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

To evaluate whether there is a relationship between occlusion and body posture as delineated by a stabilometric platform: A systematic review

Objective: To evaluate whether there is a relationship between occlusion and body posture evaluated using a stabilometric platform. Methods: Observational studies that analyzed the relationship between dental occlusion (changes in mandibular position and/or dental malocclusion) and body posture evaluated with a stabilometric platform in patients older than 13 years without orthodontic or orthopedic intervention and systemically healthy were considered eligible for inclusion. PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases were searched to obtain articles published from September 2019 up to March 2020. Results: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 66.7% showed a relationship between dental occlusion and body posture, and 33.3% found no relationship. The marked heterogeneity between studies did not allow data to be combined for meta-analyses. Conclusion: For the mandibular positions, the postural changes were mainly in the mediolateral direction, while in the malocclusions, they were in the anteroposterior direction

ENGIU: Encuentro Nacional de Grupos de Investigación de UNIMINUTO.

El desarrollo del prototipo para el sistema de detección de Mina Antipersona (MAP), inicia desde el semillero ADSSOF perteneciente al programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo de la UNIMINUTO, se realiza a partir de un detector de metales que emite una señal audible, que el usuario puede interpretar como aviso de presencia de un objeto metálico, en este caso una MAP. La señal audible se interpreta como un dato, como ese dato no es perceptible a 5 metros de distancia, se implementa el transmisor de Frecuencia Modulada FM por la facilidad de modulación y la escogencia de frecuencia de transmisión de acuerdo con las normas y resolución del Ministerio de Comunicaciones; de manera que esta sea la plataforma base para enviar los datos obtenidos a una frecuencia establecida. La idea es que el ser humano no explore zonas peligrosas y buscar la forma de crear un sistema que permita eliminar ese riesgo, por otro lado, buscar la facilidad de uso de elementos ya disponibles en el mercado