Prevalência da infecção tuberculosa entre profissionais de um hospital universitário

Varios estudios han demostrado la alta prevalencia de infección tuberculosis, y también de la propia enfermedad, entre los profesionales de salud. Este estudio, realizado en un Hospital Universitario ubicado en la ciudad de Campo Grande-MS, tuvo como objetivo conocer la existencia de la infección causada por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis. En el análisis de 194 personas, fue encontrada la existencia de la prueba tuberculinilla del 38,7%. Fue observada una asociación con el tabaquismo (p 0,01, y RP 1,72 (1,20-2,45) corregido por yates). Concluimos que es necesario un programa de selección tuberculinilla de rutina para acompañar el viraje tuberculínico, junto a intervenciones para reducir el riesgo de transmisión nosocomial.Several studies have demonstrated an elevated prevalence amongst professionals of mycobacterium tuberculosis, both in the rate of infections and illness. This study was carried out in a School Hospital in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, aiming to establish the prevalence of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results of the analysis of 194 subjects showed an overall positivity for the tuberculin test of 38.7%. There was a correlation with smoking (p=0.01, RP=1. 72 (1.20-2.45- Yates's correction). The conclusion is that the establishment of a program of tuberculin screening jointly with the implementation of interventions is necessary in order to reduce the risk of nosocomial transmission.Vários estudos têm demonstrado prevalência elevada de infecção tuberculosa, tanto quanto de adoecimento, entre os profissionais de saúde. Este estudo, realizado em um Hospital Universitário, situado na cidade de Campo Grande, MS, teve como objetivo conhecer a prevalência de infecção pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis entre esses profissionais. Na análise de 194 indivíduos, encontrou-se prevalência global de positividade da prova tuberculínica de 38,7%. Observou-se associação com o tabagismo (p 0,01, e RP 1,72 (1,20-2,45) - corrigido por Yates). Conclui-se que é necessário estabelecer um programa de triagem tuberculínica de rotina para acompanhamento de viragem tuberculínica, juntamente, com a instituição de intervenções para reduzir o risco de transmissão nosocomial

OCCUPACIONAL EXPOSURE WITH POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL AMONG WORKERS IN HOSPITAL SERVICES

Pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, que se propôs a levantar a frequência de acidentes ocupacionais, envolvendomateriais biológicos potencialmente contaminados, que ocorreram entre os profissionais que atuam em um hospital deensino e caracterizar aqueles que acometeram a equipe de higienização e limpeza e lavanderia. Foram analisadas 238 fichasde investigações de acidentes de trabalho do Serviço de Epidemiologia do período de 2004 a 2009. Destas, 10,9% (26/239)correspondiam a acidentes ocorridos com profissionais da limpeza hospitalar, 2,5% de profissionais da lavanderia. Foipredominante o sexo feminino, faixa etária de 30-40 anos, do tipo percutâneo, destacando-se os quirodáctilos como a áreacorporal mais atingida e o líquido potencialmente contaminado foi o sangue. Três grandes pilares de assistência devem serfortalecidos: o sistema de informação para subsidiar a política institucional, a formação continuada dos profissionais quegeram resíduos perfurantes e a aquisição de materiais com dispositivos de segurança.This is a descriptive and quantitative research which aimed to study the annual frequency of workplaceaccidents that occurred among health professionals and to characterize the occurrence of work acidentes involvinghospital hygiene staff. 238 professional accidents’ reports were analyzed, from the Epidemiology Department in an UniversityHospital, from 2004-2009. From the total, 10,9% (26/238) corresponded to accidents with hygiene staff , and 2,5% with theones who worked at the laundry service. Data were gathered from the form of Surveillance System PSBio. It was observedthat there was a greater frequency of accidents, especially among the female workers, aged from 30-40 years, withpredominance of percutaneous exposure, especially the fingers as the most affected part of the body. Three pillars ofassistance should be strengthened: the information system to support the institutional policy, continuing education ofprofessionals who generate perforating residues and purchase of materials with safety devices.Investigación descriptiva, cuantitativa, que se propuso a levantar la frecuencia de accidentes ocupacionales,envolviendo materiales biológicos potencialmente contaminados, que ocurrieron entre los profesionales que actúan en unhospital de enseñanza y caracterizar aquellos acometieron el equipo de higienización y limpieza y lavandería. Fueronanalizados 238 informes de expedientes de accidentes de trabajo del Servicio de Epidemiología entre 2004-2009. De estos,10.9% (26/239) correspondían a accidentes ocurridos con profesionales de la limpieza hospitalaria, 2.5% de profesionalesde la lavandería. Fue predominante el sexo femenino, faja etaria de 30-40 años, del tipo percutáneo, destacándose losquirodáctilos como área corporal más afectada y el líquido potencialmente contaminado fue la sangre. Tres grandes pilaresde ayuda deben ser fortalecidos: el sistema de información para subsidiar la política institucional, la formación continuadade los profesionales que generan residuos perforadores y la compra de materiales con dispositivos de seguridad

Reducao na prevalencia da forma aguda/subaguda da paracoccidioidomicose em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

With the objective to evaluate the behavior of paracoccidioidomycosis in the last three decades, clinical and epidemiological data of 595 patients admitted to clinical services of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul from 1980 to 2009 were investigated. Gender, age distribution, clinical form, comorbidity with tuberculosis or AIDS, and mortality were compared by decades of clinical admission. It was shown that during the three decades there was a decrease in women percentage, and the same manner occurred a reduction in participants in the age group of 20 to 39 years. Moreover, the acute/subacute forms have been diminished in the period. These fluctuations are closely related and can be simultaneously analyzed. Increased AIDS co-infection prevalence from the first to the second decade was also revealed, coinciding with the appearance of the retroviral epidemic and stabilizing during the third decade. No change in the tuberculosis co-infection rate was observed (overall = 6.9%). It reinforces the importance of this co-morbidity. The overall mortality rate remained steady at 6.7%, not varying significantly from one decade to another. The persistent mortality rate calls attention to the importance of this neglected disease.Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento da paracoccidioidomicose nas últimas três décadas, dados clínicos e epidemiológicos de 595 pacientes atendidos dentre 1980 a 2009 no Hospital da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul foram estudados. Sexo, faixa etária, forma clínica, associação com tuberculose ou AIDS e mortalidade foram comparados por década em que a doença foi diagnosticada. Observou-se, nas três décadas do estudo, uma redução do percentual de mulheres, de pacientes do grupo de 20 a 39 anos, assim como de casos com a forma aguda/subaguda. Estas alterações estão intimamente relacionadas e podem ser analisadas simultaneamente. Houve aumento de casos de coinfecção com AIDS da primeira para segunda década, coincidindo com o surgimento da epidemia, e manteve-se estável durante a década seguinte. Não houve alteração da taxa de coinfecção com tuberculose, que no geral foi de 6,9% o que reforça a importância desta comorbidade. A taxa geral de mortalidade foi de 6,7% e também não variou entre as décadas estudadas. A manutenção da taxa de óbitos chama a atenção para a relevância dessa doença negligenciada

Follow-up of patients diagnosed with and treated for tuberculosis in Brazil: financial burden on the household

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the implications of the proportion of annual family income spent in the pre- and post-diagnosis periods in tuberculosis patients followed for after at least one year after completing tuberculosis treatment in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of tuberculosis patients followed for at least one year after completing tuberculosis treatment in five Brazilian capitals (one in each region of the country). Results: A total of 62 patients were included in the analysis. The overall average cost of tuberculosis was 283.84 Brazilian reals (R$) in the pre-diagnosis period and R$4,161.86 in the post-diagnosis period. After the costs of tuberculosis disease, 71% of the patients became unemployed, with an overall increase in unemployment; in addition, the number of patients living in nonpoverty decreased by 5%, the number of patients living in poverty increased by 6%, and the number of patients living in extreme poverty increased by 5%. The largest proportion of annual household income to cover the total costs of tuberculosis was for the extremely poor (i.e., 40.37% vs. 11.43% for the less poor). Conclusions: Policies to mitigate catastrophic costs should include interventions planned by the health care system and social protection measures for tuberculosis patients with lower incomes in order to eliminate the global tuberculosis epidemic by 2035-a WHO goal in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Custos catastróficos e sequelas sociais decorrentes do diagnóstico e tratamento da tuberculose no Brasil

Objective: To assess the impact of catastrophic costs on the unfavorable outcome of tuberculosis treatment. Methods: This is prospective cohort made in five capitals of Brazilian states (Manaus, Recife, Vitória, Campo Grande and Porto Alegre) between June 2016 and July 2018. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: The 350 participants, 310 were included, and 30 had unfavorable outcome. Catastrophic cost (OR=2.53 – 95%CI 1.13;5.67) and divorce episode (OR=5.29 – 95%CI 1.39;20.05) increased the chance of unfavorable outcome. Conclusion: financial difficulties faced during the treatment of tuberculosis can impair the treatment outcome. The determinants for the treatment outcome were catastrophic cost and divorce.Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto dos custos catastróficos no desfecho desfavorável do tratamento da tuberculose. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectiva, realizado em cinco capitais de estados brasileiros (Manaus, Recife, Vitória, Campo Grande e Porto Alegre) no período de junho de 2016 a julho de 2018. Empregou-se regressão logística para calcular a razão de chances (odds ratio, OR) e os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Dos 350 participantes, 310 foram incluídos, dos quais 30 apresentaram desfecho desfavorável. Custo catastrófico (OR=2,53 – IC95% 1,13;5,67) e divórcio (OR=5,29 – IC95% 1,39;20,05) aumentaram as chances de desfecho desfavorável. Conclusão: Dificuldades financeiras durante o tratamento da tuberculose podem prejudicar seu desfecho. Os fatores determinantes para o desfecho do tratamento foram custo catastrófico e divórcio

Effective/cost effective interventions of child mental health problems in low- and middle-income countries (LAMIC): a protocol systematic review

Background: This systematic review protocol aims to examine the evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions for children and adolescents with, or at risk of developing mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs). Methods: We will search Medline Ovid, EMBASE Ovid, PsycINFO Ovid, CINAHL, LILACS, BDENF and IBECS. We will include randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, economic modelling studies and economic evaluations. Participants are 6 to 18 year-old children and adolescents who live in a LAMIC and who present with, or are at high risk of developing, one or more of the conditions: depression, anxiety, behavioural disorders, eating disorders, psychosis, substance abuse, autism and intellectual disabilities as defined by the DSM-V. Interventions which address suicide, self-harm will also be included, if identified during the extraction process. We will include in person or e-health interventions which have some evidence of effectiveness (in relation to clinical and/or functional outcomes) and which have been delivered to young people in LAMICs. We will consider a wide range of delivery channels (e.g., in person, web-based or virtual, phone), different practitioners (healthcare practitioners, teachers, lay health care providers) and sectors (i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary health care, education, guardianship councils). In the pilot of screening procedures, 5% of all references will be screened by two reviewers. Divergences will be resolved by one expert in mental health research. Reviewers will be retrained afterwards to ensure reliability. The remaining 95% will be screened by one reviewer. Covidence web-based tool will be used to perform screening of references and full text paper, and data extraction. Results: The protocol of this systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences. The results will be presented descriptively and, if possible, meta-analysis will be conducted. Ethical approval is not needed for anonymised secondary data. Conclusion: the systematic review could help health specialists and other professionals to identify evidence-based strategies to deal with child and adolescents with mental health conditions

Zika: abordagem clínica na atenção básica

Zika é uma doença que foi detectada no país no último ano, a partir deste evento a doença tem se disseminado no país, cursando de forma inédita segundo a literatura científica. Tendo encontrado ambiente favorável à sua disseminação, que é a presença do vetor Aedes em todo o país, em população sem imunidade à doença, vem causando enorme impacto à saúde de nossa população. É preciso que os profissionais de saúde se capacitem para conseguir minimizar o impacto desta enfermidade, utilizando todos os recursos possíveis para assistir, disseminar os conhecimentos para a população, além de construir parcerias com todos os equipamentos sociais para atuarem no sentido de proteger a saúde de todos. Para isso este material foi elaborado, tendo o caráter auto-instrucional, os profissionais de saúde podem realizá-lo dentro de suas possibilidades. O módulo tem 45h, sendo dividido em quatro unidades de ensino; ao final oferece uma avaliação objetiva e a certificação on-line. Na biblioteca estão disponibilizados livros e vídeos com conteúdos referentes ao tema, utilize-os se sentir necessidade de aprofundar seus conhecimentos.1.