Retail shocks and city structure

This paper evaluates the consequences of opening out-of-town big-boxes on the commercial structure of cities. I use a discontinuity in a commercial regulation in Spain that restricts the entry of big-box stores in municipalities of less than 10,000 inhabitants for the period 2003 to 2011. I then use this discontinuity as an instrument for the big-box opening. The results show that three years after the big-box opening, around 15% of the grocery stores in the municipality have disappeared. However, some of the empty commercial premises are taken by other new small retailers in other sectors. As a result, the total number of retail stores in the municipality remains unchanged. These results show that a retail shock in the suburbs does not necessarily empty the city center but can also change only the composition of its commercial activity

Tobacco use in the third trimester of pregnancy and its relationship to birth weight. A prospective study in Spain

Background Few studies have been carried out in Spain examining the use of tobacco amongst expectant mothers and its effect on birth weight. Aims To observe the proportion of expectant mothers who smoke during their pregnancy, and the impact of tobacco consumption on maternal and birth weight. We also aimed to identify the trimester of pregnancy in which tobacco use produced the greatest reduction in birth weight. Methods Prospective observational study in Spain. A random sampling strategy was used to select health centres and participant women. A total of 137 individuals were enrolled in the study. Exposure to tobacco was measured through a self-reported questionnaire. Regressions were performed to obtain a predictive model for birth weight related to smoking. Findings Overall, 35% of study participants were smokers during the pre-gestational period (27% in the first trimester, 21.9% in the second and 21.2% in the third). 38.7% of smoking cessation attempts took place in the third-trimester. Pregnant women who smoked up to the third trimester had a higher risk of giving birth to a baby under 3000 g, compared to non-smokers (OR = 5.94, CI 95%: 1.94–18.16). Each additional unit of tobacco consumed daily in the 3rd trimester led to a 32 g reduction in birth weight. Conclusion An important proportion of pregnant women in Spain smoke during pregnancy. Pregnant women exposed to tobacco have newborns with lower birth weight. Smoking during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy is associated with the greatest risk of lower birth weight

Latino Electoral and Nonelectoral Political Participation: Findings from the 1996 Chicago Latino Registered Voter Survey

The Latino population in the United States has been expanding at a tremendous rate in recent decades and as the number of Latinos in the United States grows, so does their potential for influencing American politics grow. Yet, we have a very limited understanding of Latino civic engagement, political behavior, and public policy opinions. This article presents the results of a survey of 408 registered Latino voters in Chicago, Illinois. The findings advance a multidimensional understanding of Latino political behaviors and attitudes through the examination of multiple measures of political participation and opinions concerning political parties and public issues such as welfare reform, immigration, naturalization and official language policy, bilingual education, capital punishment, gun control, and affirmative action. Findings are discussed in the context of earlier studies of Latino electoral participation and American public policy opinions

Albendazole Solid Dispersions: Influence of Dissolution Medium Composition on In Vitro Drug Release

The rate-limiting step to drug absorption is often dissolution from the dosage form, especially for poorly soluble com-pounds. Two possibilities for improving the dissolution of these drugs are to increase the available surface area and to im-prove their apparent solubilities under physiologically relevant conditions with surfactants as wetting agents. Albendazole (ABZ), one of the most effective broad-spectrum antihelminthic agents, has a very low aqueous solubility, which leads to an erratic availability. Solid dispersions (SD) with different amounts of carriers (P188 and PEG6000) were formulated to improve the ABZ dissolution rate. When the dissolution test is used to infer biopharmaceutical properties of the dosage form, it is es-sential that the method simulates the gastrointestinal conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the applicabil-ity of different dissolution media to the evaluation of ABZ and ABZ-SD dissolution rates. Dissolution profiles were performed by the official method (0.1 N HCl) and Simulated Gastric Fluid modified with a surfactant. Wetting was evaluated through the determination of surface tension and contact angle of the solutions. The dissolution rate of ABZ was clearly affected by the variables assessed in this study. These results have implications in the design of physiologically based dissolution media.Fil: González Vidal, Noelia Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Cátedra de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Silvina Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez Bruni, Sergio Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Allemandi, Daniel Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; ArgentinaFil: Palma, Santiago Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentin

Three Realizations and Comparison of Hardware for Piezoresistive Tactile Sensors

Tactile sensors are basically arrays of force sensors that are intended to emulate the skin in applications such as assistive robotics. Local electronics are usually implemented to reduce errors and interference caused by long wires. Realizations based on standard microcontrollers, Programmable Systems on Chip (PSoCs) and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been proposed by the authors for the case of piezoresistive tactile sensors. The solution employing FPGAs is especially relevant since their performance is closer to that of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) than that of the other devices. This paper presents an implementation of such an idea for a specific sensor. For the purpose of comparison, the circuitry based on the other devices is also made for the same sensor. This paper discusses the implementation issues, provides details regarding the design of the hardware based on the three devices and compares them.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Government under contracts TEC2006-12376 and TEC2009-14446

El registro de vehiculos motorizados.

82 p.El objetivo de esta investigación es el análisis del tratamiento que la Legislación actual vigente otorga a los vehículos motorizados que circulan dentro del Pais. Para lograrlo, se reviso el devenir histórico de esta materia, la que en principio se encontraba bajo la competencia de los Conservadores de Bienes Raíces. Se incluyen materias relacionadas y jurisprudencia de nuestros Tribunales de Justicia. Además de aspectos tanto sustantivos como procedimentales, que, sustentados en principios generales del derecho, de consuno forman el marco al que se circunscribe la temática relacionada al Registro de Vehículos Motorizados, actualmente a cargo del Servicio de Registro e Identificación de Chile

Liderazgo transformacional y la gestión educativa de la Institución Educativa Juan Velasco Alvarado del Distrito de Pillcomarca, Huánuco 2017

La investigación tuvo como finalidad, determinar la relación entre el liderazgo transformacional y la gestión educativa de la Institución Educativa “Juan Velasco Alvarado” del distrito de Pillcomarca, Huánuco 2017. Es una investigación de tipo básico, en razón que sus resultados enriquecen el conocimiento teórico; asume el diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo - correlacional, debido a que establece relación entre dos variables de estudio. La muestra estuvo conformada por 47 personas 2 directivos y 45 docentes. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos: cuestionario de liderazgo transformacional que constó de 20 ítems y un cuestionario de gestión educativa que constó de 20 ítems. Ambos han sido validados mediante juicio de expertos y presentan un adecuado nivel de confiabilidad: 0,724, y 0,899 respectivamente. Los resultados demuestran que existe relación significativa entre el liderazgo transformacional y la gestión educativa obteniendo una correlación de rxy = 0,309, es decir una correlación positiva débil, asimismo la prueba de hipótesis lo confirma /to = 2,179 /es mayor que /tc.= 1,998 /, existiendo una relación significativa entre las variables.The purpose of the research was to determine the relationship between the transformational leadership and educational management of the "Juan Velasco Alvarado" Educational Institution of the district of Pillcomarca, Huánuco 2017. It is a basic type of research, because its results enrich the theoretical knowledge ; assumes the non- experimental design of a descriptive - correlational type, because it establishes a relationship between two study variables. The sample consisted of 47 people 2 managers and 45 teachers. Two instruments were applied: transformational leadership questionnaire that consisted of 20 items and an educational management questionnaire that consisted of 20 items. Both have been validated by expert judgment and have an adequate level of reliability: 0.724, and 0.899 respectively. The results show that there is a significant relationship between transformational leadership and educational management obtaining a correlation of rxy = 0.309, ie a weak positive correlation, also the hypothesis test confirms it / to = 2,179 / is greater than /tc. = 1,998 /, there being a significant relationship between the variables