An investigation of Grammar Gender-bias Correction for Google Translate When Translating from English to French

This work investigated how to address the Google Translate\u27s gender-bias when translating from English to French. The developed solution is called GT gender-bias corrector that was built based on combining natural language processing and machine learning methods. The natural language processing was used to analyze the original sentences and their translations grammatically identifying parts of speech. The parts of speech analysis facilitated the identification of three patterns that are associated with the gender bias of Google Translate when translating from English to French. The three patterns were labeled simple, intermediate and complex to reflect the structure complexity. Samples of texts that represent the three patterns were generated. The generated texts were used to build a decision-tree-based classifier to automatically detect the pattern to which a text belongs. The GT gender-bias corrector was tested using a survey completed by participants with diverse levels of English and French fluency. The survey analysis showed the success of the corrector in addressing the Google Translate gender-bias for the three patterns identified in this work

Adjudicating Patriarchy in the Nationality Law

The Egyptian legal structure has long discriminated against women. Taking nationality law as an example, it is obvious that all consecutive nationality laws have ignored women’s right concerning passing on and acquiring nationality. Even after its amendment in 2004, major gender discrimination still exists. This is caused by the fact that the nationality law is only a part of the legal system. Consequently, its essence will not deviate from the patriarchal composition of the overall nature of the legal system. This paper argues that the existing forms of discrimination in the nationality law correlate with the broader legal environment. Hence, using law as a tool for social reform in the nationality law only masks the deeper problem. This is what happened when the legislators intervened in 2004 to achieve gender equality in the nationality law. Even the use of strategic litigation has failed on its own to alter the gender discrimination existing in the nationality law. Though in some cases the court has been successful in bringing back some rights for women, patriarchy cannot be altered through judgments

Induced Pipeline Voltage Near-by Hybrid Transmission Lines

The aim of this paper is to calculate the induced voltage, nearby hybrid transmission lines. Two hybrid transmission lines are simulated and modeled. The first line is double-circuit operating with ac voltage of 220 kV and bipolar circuit with a dc voltage of ±500 kV, while the second line is with flat configuration operating at 500 kV ac and of ±500 kV. The induced voltage on the pipeline is calculated due the mutual effect of the electric field of these lines. The charge simulation technique and COMSOL computer package are used for calculating the electric field underneath the hybrid lines with and without pipelines and are used to determine the induced voltage on the pipelines. The maximum induced voltage is 9.5 kV for the first line at spacing (S) of 10 m and DC circuit height of 15.7 m against 4.3 kV for height of 24.9 m. The corresponding values for the second line at the same spacing S of 10 m are 7.08 and 3.1 kV for DC circuit heights of 19.1 m and 30 m respectively. The maximum induced voltage on the pipeline is slightly changed due to changing the phase sequence of the AC circuit and the spacing between AC and DC circuits. Keywords: Induced Voltage, – Electric Fields, HVDC Transmission, Finite Element Method, Hybrid Transmission Lines

A rare case of normotensive HELLP syndrome complicated with massive ascites: Spontaneous resolution

AbstractHELLP develops in approximately 0.1–0.8% of pregnancies overall and as many as 15–20% of patients with HELLP syndrome do not have antecedent hypertension or proteinuria. The risk factor for development of ascites is extensive structural damage of the microvasculature in patients complicated by HELLP. The aim of this study is to report a case with HELLP syndrome complicated with massive ascites after vaginal delivery that eventually resolved spontaneously

WITHDRAWN: Mullerian duct failure: An unusual case with adenomyosis managed with total hysterectomy

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy

Aquaponics as a sustainable alternative to new land reclamation and conventional agriculture in Egypt

Agriculture in Egypt is facing dramatic changes that affect its productivity, and accordingly the Egyptian economy. Egypt started in the 1930s, expanding agricultural land through land reclamation projects. Many of these projects did not perform as expected or planned due to lack of water and other challenges. While land reclamation and conventional agriculture techniques have a lot of technical, social, and economical problems in Egypt; soilless agriculture and aquaponics are being successfully used in other regions for urban food production as a sustainable solution. Aquaponics is a technique that integrates fish and crop productions by bringing aquaculture with hydroponics (soilless planting) together into one system. Although aquaponics has shown promising results in different regions worldwide, there are questions that need answering about the most suitable type of aquaponics for food production in Egypt. Aquaponics have been investigated in this work in order to identify its potentials, hence recommend the suitable aquaponics systems for Egypt. The thesis shows that aquaponics is an ally or alternative to conventional agriculture and land reclamation in Egypt. In this thesis, two different Aquaponics systems were tested in an experiment, in the American University in Cairo, to determine which system design will be more efficient and productive for use in Egypt on a larger scale. The production and crops variety were more promising in the Integrated Aqua Aegaculture System than the Deep Water Culture aquaponics system. The elemental analysis results of water and plants samples, from both aquaponics systems, show that the Integrated Aqua Vegaculture system has more potential than the Deep Water Culture system, especially in Egypt under certain boundary conditions

Automated Mapping Of Accessibility Signs With Deep Learning From Ground-level Imagery and Open Data

International audienceIn some areas or regions, accessible parking spots are not geolocalized and therefore both difficult to find online and excluded from open data sources. In this paper, we aim at detecting accessible parking signs from street view panoramas and geolocalize them. Object detection is an open challenge in computer vision, and numerous methods exist whether based on handcrafted features or deep learning. Our method consists of processing Google Street View images of French cities in order to geolocalize the accessible parking signs on posts and on the ground where the parking spot is not available on GIS systems. To accomplish this, we rely on the deep learning object detection method called Faster R-CNN with Region Proposal Networks which has proven excellent performance in object detection benchmarks. This helps to map accurate locations of where the parking areas do exist, which can be used to build services or update online mapping services such as Open Street Map. We provide some preliminary results which show the feasibility and relevance of our approach

RGML: A Markup Language for Characterizing Requirements Generation Processes

In this paper we present the Requirements Generation Markup Language (RGML). The RGML supports the formal characterization of (a) the physical structure of a requirements generation process, (b) individual activities inherent to that process, and (c) artifacts produced and consumed during the generation process. The inclusion of templates, application instantiation, and the expression of temporally-based pre- and post-conditions increase the flexibility of RGML and its ability to capture variations in requirements generation processes. We envision the RGML as providing the specification basis for (automatically) producing interactive environments that lead (or guide) the requirements engineer through a structured set of integrated activities that foster the evolution of quality requirements

CASE STUDY AND ANALYSIS Of THE PERFORMANCE OF INDUSTRIAL ACID GAS REMOVAL UNIT(AGRU)AT ELNG (EGYPTIAN LIQUIEFIED NATRUAL GAS) COMPANY THROUGH PROCESS SIMULATION

Acid gas removal process, which is also known as sweetening process, is considered a very important industrial operational process which has taken place in many works. The main idea of this process is based on absorption, and the selection of the solvent is mainly based on its capability of removing acid gases from the feed gas such as carbon dioxide (C02) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Such acid gases found in the gas can cause operational problems like corrosion and equipment plugging. The solvent used for the absorption processes to sweeten the natural gas is classified into two types which are chemical and physical absorption. The most used absorption processes for sweetening the natural gas are using the chemical solvents such as alkanolamines or "amine". In this context, diglycolamine (DGA) is used in the aqueous solution to remove the acid gases from natural gas stream. In this research, existing process flow diagram of industrial Acid Gas Removal Unit (AGRU) will be modified in terms of solvent composition· used in the absorption process. Manipulating the ratio of solvent to moisture content in the solvent solution will replace the existing solvent composition. Simulation using Aspen Hysys is then performed to parameters, which are absorption colunm removal efficiency, power consumption, heating duty and cooling duty. The simulation results are expected to show improvement to the existing AGRU system used at ELNG (Egyptian Liquefied Natural Gas Company)