Effect of Indoor Air Pollution on Child Development: A Research Review

The air quality of our indoor environments majorly affects our health. Children are the most exposed to indoor air pollutants as they spend most of their time at home and indoors, the quality of air becomes a major concern in their course of development. While in rural areas the major indoor pollutants are the emissions from combustion sources, in urban areas the particulates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have chronic and long-term effects. The aim of this study is to review the available literature dealing with various effects of child development. The study showed the relationship between prenatal exposure to airborne PAHs and Child IQ. Children were monitored from in utero to 5 years of age, with determination of prenatal PAH exposure through personal air monitoring for the mothers during pregnancy. It was found that high PAHs level were inversely associated with IQ. The other study comprehended lung development with exposure to nitrogen dioxide, acid aerosols, particulate matter and elemental carbon. Lung function tests were performed annually for 8 years among the children and a decrease in Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) was observed. The results of the study indicated that current ambient levels of air pollution have chronic and adverse effects on lung development in children leading to significant deficits in FEV as these children reach adulthood. In rural India, the risks associated with indoor air pollution are found to be extremely high. The study revealed that most of the rural households were exposed to acute upper and lower infections, the reason being the use of traditional fuels and poorly ventilated cooking areas. The study focuses on creating awareness towards the adverse effects of indoor air pollution specifically on children health, with reference to the existing studies

Noise Pollution and its Enacting Laws in India

Never before in the history, has the environment pollution drawn such attention of policymakers, academicians and the court in India. The present concern for preservation and conservation of environment arises from the hazardous impact on the human actions. Human demands are increasing day by day with the growth of population and modernization. For a long time many individuals have accepted noise as a part of their environment. The development of various engines, technological machinery in industries, jet planes, automobiles etc all contributed to increasing noisy environment. Noise is now regarded by many people as a pollution component that contributes to deterioration of the environment. Noise pollution is infect a threat to million that could be as dangerous as the pollution of the atmosphere. The recently intensified effort to save the environment has succeeded impressively in bringing the subject to wide public notice. It has helped to identify problems and arise concern. But it has been deficient in solutions. For very good reason effective steps to save the environment will require a highly expert knowledge of governmental machinery, knowledge of political infighting, knowledge of how tough and enforceable legislation might be written and how such legislation has been systematically enacted. The focus of present day policies is to use emission free technologies to be useful in preserving and conserving precious natural environment

Biometric Pulse Counting System using Microcontroller 8051

ABSTRACT: This paper gives a novel idea about the design and implementation of a microcontroller based pulse counter. Intel 8051 is used as the main microcontroller unit and the system has been fabricated to count the total number of pulse in a minute. IR sensors are connected as the input sensors which read the blood flow through the fingers. The microcontroller counts the number of input signals and thus generates an output on a display window build using three 7 segment IC. This system is highly efficient, accurate and economical and thus can be effectively used as an instrument to measure pulse on medical grounds

QSAR for analogs of 1,5-N,N'-disubstituted-2-(substituted benzenesulphonyl) glutamamides as antitumor agents

Motivation. Cancer is a widespread and life threatening disease for which new and improved drugs are needed. It is well established that the transformation of the normal cells to a cancerous phenotype is often associated with cognate changes in the transport and metabolism of nutrients such as glucose and glutamine. Many tumor cells are particularly avid glutamine consumers. Glutamine also plays a key role in tumor cell energetics, and several tumor cell lines use glutamine as their major respiratory fuel. Method. Based on our composite program of development of new potential anticancer agents through rational design, 32 analogs of 1,5–N,N'–disubstituted–2–(substituted benzenesulphonyl) glutamamide were synthesized, characterized and biologically evaluated against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells in Swiss Albino mice. Tumor cell inhibition was considered as the biological activity parameter. A QSAR study was performed on this data set, showing the importance of ETSA and RTSA indices of several atoms, the energy of HOMO, the energy gap between HOMO and LUMO, as well as the approximate surface area. Results. The QSAR study highlights the atomic features and molecular descriptors that determine the antitumor activity of these glutamamides analogs. These computational models also illustrate the importance of atomic charge, energy of HOMO, and energy of LUMO for the biological activity.Published versio

QSAR study on some synthesized and biologically evaluated glutamine analogs as <span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI">possible anticancer agents</span>

93-99An attempt has been made to identify the chemical structural features required and/or responsible for antitumor activity of 51 different 5-N-substituted-2-N-(substituted benzenesulphonyl) glutamines. For this purpose, a QSAR study has been performed using tumor weight inhibition as the parameter for biological activity. Results show that the steric and the field effects are important for the anticancer activity of these types of glutamine analogs. At least one free hydrogen atom in the amide moiety is required which plays an essential role for the biological activity. The present study will help us in further synthesis of this type of compounds in the future

<b style="">Evaluation of the antipyretic potential of methanol extract of the leaves of </b> <b style=""><i style="">Abies</i></b><b style=""><i style=""> spectabilis </i>(D. Don) Spach.</b><b style=""></b>

369-371Methanol extract of leaves of Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach. (MEAS) was evaluated for the antipyretic potential on normal body temperature and yeast induced pyrexia in rats. MEAS showed significant activity at intraperitonial (i.p.) doses of 200 and 400mg/kg body weight. The extract, when administered at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight caused significant lowering of body temperature up to 3h. With 400 mg/kg body weight dose it caused significant lowering of body temperature up to 6h after administration. In the model of yeast induced elevation of body temperature MEAS showed dose-dependant lowering of the body temperature up to 4h at both the doses. The results obtained, were comparable to that of paracetamol, a standard antipyretic agent

Probiotics: Evolving as a Potential Therapeutic Option against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most common prescription medicine around the world for the treatment of pain and fever and is considered to be a safe drug at its therapeutic dose. However, a single overdose or frequent use of APAP can cause severe acute liver injury. APAP hepatotoxicity is a prevalent cause of acute liver disease around the world and the lack of suitable treatment makes it a serious problem. In recent years, there has been a surge in interest in using probiotics and probiotic-derived products, known as postbiotics, as health and disease negotiators. A growing body of evidence revealed that they can be equally effective against APAP hepatotoxicity. Different probiotic bacteria were found to be pre-clinically effective against APAP hepatotoxicity. Different postbiotics have also shown exciting results in preclinical models of APAP hepatotoxicity. This review summarized the protective roles and mechanisms of the different probiotic bacteria and postbiotics against APAP hepatotoxicity, with critical discussion. A brief discussion on potential novel probiotics and postbiotics for oxidative liver injury was also included. This review was written in an attempt to pique the interest of researchers in developing a safe therapeutic option against oxidative liver damage using probiotics and/or postbiotics as dietary supplements