The Problem of Lighting in Underground Domes, Vaults, and Tunnel-Like Structures of Antiquity; An Application to the Sustainability of Prominent Asian Heritage (India, Korea, China)

Lighting in heritage is complex because of the forms intervening in it. The historical evolution of cultures has not been analytical and therefore, the shapes involved di er greatly from the cuboids typically found in 21st century architecture. As a vector, light inevitably attaches to surface sources. In this research, we focused on 3D curved geometries. Following a di erent trail to radiative transfer by virtue of detailed knowledge of the spatiality of volumes, we present new expressions, previously undefined in the literature, that are derived from a combination of surfaces that we have found in many archaeological sites around Asia. In the discussion, we start from the particularities of spherical surfaces where a normal vector has to pass through the center. By means of easy calculations, we deducted innovative laws. These in turn, allowed us to formulate several new expressions for configuration factors based on the adroit use of spherical fragments. The method easily extends to organic shapes that are often contained in the sustainable architecture of the past. The method finishes with suitable algorithms to assess the reflections in such curved forms. Finally, we implemented the results in our creative software. In this way, we enhanced the sustainable paradigms for heritage structures in Asia that we present as a conclusion of the article

La Casa de Plástico y la Casa del Futuro. Aportaciones de la arquitectura de mediados del siglo XX a la construcción con materiales compuestos

Si pudiéramos hablar de un material revolucionario del siglo XX, posiblemente ese material sería el plástico. Aunque realmente no se trata de un único material. Los plásticos se definen como materiales sintéticos que están compuestos principalmente por polímeros (Real Academia Españ ola. 2014). Los polímeros son compuestos derivados de otros por polimerización, siendo la polimerización el acto de reunir varias moléculas de un mismo compuesto para formar otro de un peso molecular más elevado. Partiendo de esta definición, el número de materiales que podemos englobar dentro de la misma es muy grande