La anticorrupción como corrupción: contradicciones y complejos ideológicos en la política mexicana

A partir de la perspectiva de la semiótica social y de los estudios del discurso, se examina el papel de las contradicciones en los complejos ideológicos. El estudio de caso es el acto encabezado, en julio de 2016, por el entonces presidente de México, Enrique Peña Nieto, quien, luego de una crítica popular sin precedentes en torno a la corrupción, promulgó el Sistema Nacional Anticorrupción y, simultáneamente, pidió perdón por su actuación. Además de hacer un análisis semiótico del escenario y de los discursos pronunciados durante la ceremonia (a partir de formas macro-sintagmáticas y de un análisis lingüístico puntual), se hizo un análisis multimodal de las primeras planas de ocho diarios mexicanos publicados al día siguiente. Combinamos el concepto del complejo ideológico con el del ver como de Ludwig Wittgenstein (ejemplificado con la figura del pato-conejo), para explicar las contradicciones, exponer las estrategias discursivas e identificar puntos vulnerables en el discurso de la corrupción y la anticorrupción en México

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Characterizing the Role of HPG27_526 in H. pylori AI-2 Export and Biofilms

Previous research found that the protein HPG27_526 was downregulated in Helicobacter pylori biofilm, so a HPG27_526 mutant was expected to have increased biofilm formation. Surprisingly, a HPG27_526 mutant was found to have a biofilm defect compared to WT, which was confirmed by our studies. Bioinformatic work was done using the HMMR and PHYRE2 software and the results suggested that the HPG27_526-encoded protein was part of the AI-2 exporter family. For this reason, the AI-2 export capabilities of HPG27_526 were assessed, and HPG27_526 was found to not play a significant role in AI-2 export. To figure out possible reasons for the biofilm defect, a growth curve was done, but there was no difference of growth between WT and the HPG27_526 mutant. Since no growth defect was observed, we used scanning electron microscopy to evaluate physical difference between WT and the mutant, but no differences were observed aside from decreased biofilm formation. These results confirm that HPG27_526 is required for biofilm formation but is not required for growth or AI-2 export

Reconstrucción periodística de nuevas formas de vida democrática (la Marcha del Silencio, abril de 2005)

Se analizan los titulares y subtitulares de la primera plana de 15 periódicos mexicanos publicados el 25 de abril de 2005, el día siguiente de la Marcha del Silencio en la ciudad de México, en la que casi 1 200 000 manifestantes protestaron contra el desafuero del jefe de gobierno capitalino Andrés Manuel López Obrador. El análisis del material lingüístico de los titulares permitió advertir si la prensa consideró más relevante la celebración de la marcha o si destacó a un protagonista individual. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de la prensa no es- taba preparada para dar relevancia al sentido democrático de la marcha y optó por resaltar el sentido electoral del episodio, que a la postre se convertiría en uno de los primeros capítulos de la polémica contienda por la presidencia en 2006

Crónica de una epidemia pregonada

En este artículo se revisa el proceso de construcción periodística de la contingencia sanitaria decretada a raíz de la epidemia de influenza abiertamente reconocida por el gobierno federal de México el 23 de abril de 2009. El corpus de análisis consta de 81 primeras planas, publicadas en seis periódicos de circulación nacional, entre el 24 de abril y el 7 de mayo, desde que entró en vigor la suspensión de clases hasta que se anunció la vuelta a la normalidad. Los resultados, presentados en secuencia cronológica, dan cuenta de diversos capítulos, actores, estrategias y procesos que intervinieron en esta historia que cimbró a México y el mundo

Semiotics of corruption : ideological complexes in Mexican politics

This article analyses a complex text and event to examine the role of ramifying contradictions in strategic social semiotics analysis. The focus was a paradoxical intervention into corruption by then-Mexican President Peña, who responded to an unprecedented wave of popular criticisms of corruption by simultaneously launching an Anticorruption System and apologizing for his own corruption. We asked: how did this contradiction work, in this conjuncture, with what effects, and how analyse them? We combined the concepts of the Ideological Complex and Wittgenstein’s “duck-rabbit” to explain unstable contradictions in a multiscalar, multimodal analysis of a diachronic corpus, to expose discursive strategies and identify points of vulnerability

Helicobacter pylori Chronic-Stage Inflammation Undergoes Fluctuations That Are Altered in tlpA Mutants

Helicobacter pylori colonizes half of the world's population and is responsible for a significant disease burden by causing gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The development of host inflammation drives these diseases, but there are still open questions in the field about how H. pylori controls this process. We characterized H. pylori inflammation using an 8-month mouse infection time course and comparison of the wild type (WT) and a previously identified mutant lacking the TlpA chemoreceptor that causes elevated inflammation. Our work shows that H. pylori chronic-stage corpus inflammation undergoes surprising fluctuations, with changes in Th17 and eosinophil numbers. The H. pylori tlpA mutant changed the inflammation temporal characteristics, resulting in different inflammation from the wild type at some time points. tlpA mutants have equivalent total and gland colonization in late-stage infections. During early infection, in contrast, they show elevated gland and total colonization compared to those by WT. Our results suggest the chronic inflammation setting is dynamic and may be influenced by colonization properties of early infection