Non-diffracting Optical Beams in a Three-level Raman System

Diffractionless propagation of optical beams through atomic vapors is investigated. The atoms in the vapor are operated in a three-level Raman configuration. A suitably chosen control beam couples to one of the transitions, and thereby creates a spatially varying index of refraction modulation in the warm atomic vapor for a probe beam which couples to the other transition in the atoms. We show that a Laguerre-Gaussian control beam allows to propagate single Gaussian probe field modes as well as multi-Gaussian modes and non-Gaussian modes over macroscopic distances without diffraction. This opens perspectives for the propagation of arbitrary images through warm atomic vapors.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Effect of alcohol on the postnatal development of cerebellar cortex in rat guste 1-histological and morphometric studies.

The effect of ethyl alcohol (10%) on the postnatal development of cerebellar cortex was studied using histological and morphometric methods. The external granular layer was much increased in thickness in alcohol fed rat than those of the control while the molecular and granular layer were reduced. The cells of themolecular layer showed neuronal degeneration and many spaces were present in this layer esp \u3c /strong\u3eecially late postnatal. The Purkinje cells failed to reach their final position up the tenth day and still arranged in more than one row. The degenerative changes appeared at five days and increased with age. The extent of their dendritic tree were reduced but with long spines. The granular layer was delayed in its differentiation from the white mather. Starting from fifth day, the degenerative changes were clearly noticed in the cells and fibers. The mean number of Purkinje and granule cells in alcohol fed rats were reduced in all lobules in all ages. The most affected lobules were lobules II & III in the anteror lobe then lobules IX & X in the posterior lobe. The numerical densities of granule and Purkinje cells per unit volume of tissue were lower than the control. This density was significantly reduced at 5-21 days. The granule -to- Purkinje cell ratios were increased in alcohol fed rats than those of the control. There was a slight decrease in this ratio in the adult stage

Performance of Photon-Pair Quantum Key Distribution Systems

We analyze the quantitative improvement in performance provided by a novel quantum key distribution (QKD) system that employs a correlated photon source (CPS) and a photon-number resolving detector (PNR). Our calculations suggest that given current technology, the CPR implementation offers an improvement of several orders of magnitude in secure bit rate over previously described implementations

Generation of Entangled Photon Holes using Quantum Interference

In addition to photon pairs entangled in polarization or other variables, quantum mechanics also allows optical beams that are entangled through the absence of the photons themselves. These correlated absences, or ``entangled photon holes'', can lead to counter-intuitive nonlocal effects analogous to those of the more familiar entangled photon pairs. Here we report an experimental observation of photon holes generated using quantum interference effects to suppress the probability that two photons in a weak laser pulse will separate at an optical beam splitter.Comment: 4 pages, color figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Influence of glimepiride and Nerium oleander extract on insulin, glucose levels and some liver enzymes activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The present study is aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of sulfonylurea drug glimepiride in comparison with Nerium oleander plant extract on insulin, glucose levels and some liver enzymes activities in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. Animals were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 50 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin. Rats with serum glucose levels> 200 mg/dl were subdivided into three sub-groups: rats of the first sub-group were remained without treatment and considered as diabetics. Animals of the second subgroup were orally administered 0.1 mg/kg body weight/day glimepiride allover the experimental period of 4 weeks. The third sub-group was orally received 250 mg/kg body weight/day Nerium oleander extract for 4 weeks. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed hypoinsulinemia and

Akses Air Bersih di Indonesia

This study investigates household access on safe and clean water in Indonesia. The analysis is based on compilation data set of Statistic Indonesia and World Bank online publication namely INDO DAPOER ranging of 497 districts and municipalities for 2004-2011 periods.Our first analysis is the determinant of household access to clean and save water in district level. The second is combining access of clean and safe water with access on improve sanitation and ellectricty, to evaluate the impact on health indicator (morbidity rate) and district's PDRB level. The third analysis is determining the impact of safe water,infrastructure, electricity and improved sanitation through morbidity rate and PDRB on the HDI. In general, this study find that better access on safe and clean water can improve community heath performance and district's HDI. Better access on safe water should be followed by better access on sanitation, as these accesses are interlinked. Regarding intergovernmental transfer, an increase in DAU and DAK sectoral transfer are found improving health performance, increasing PDRB, HDI scor, and reducing poverty rate

Pertumbuhan Kecambah Aren (Arenga Pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) dari Pohon Induk Berbeda Ketinggian dengan Pemberian Pupuk Organik

The aim of this research was to study the growth of sugar palm seedling from different altitudes of mother plant, growing in different organic media. The experiment was conducted at Seed Technology Laboratory and Academic Garden of Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, from February to July 2008. The experimental design was factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was seed from different altitudes of mother plant sources, i.e, : from Parigi (<500 m asl), from Palolo (500-1,000 m asl), and from Napu (>1,000 m asl). The second factor was types of organic fertilizers added on soil taken from sugar palm land. The organic fertilizer treatments were without fertilizer, manure, compost of rice husk, and sugar palm residue. Each experimental unit was comprised of 25 seeds with three replications. The results showed that seeds from Parigi grown in media with compost of rice husk gave a better growth than other treatments. Germination percentage at this treatment was 88.01% and dry weight of seedlings was 0.41 g in average, eligible to be transferred to main nursery

Sensitivity of Pigment Content of Banana and Orchid Tissue Culture Exposed to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fiel

Natural exposure of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) occurs in the environment and acts as one of the abiotic factors that affect the growth and development of organisms. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ELF-EMF on the tissue cultured banana and slipper orchid chlorophyll content as one of the indicators in measuring plant photosynthetic capacity. Four days old banana (Musa sp. cv. Berangan) corm and seven days old slipper orchid (Paphiopedilum rothschildianum) cultures were exposed to 6 and 12 mT ELF-EMF generated by controllable ELF-EMF built up machine for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours. After exposure, the banana and orchid cultures were incubated at 25° C for 8 and 16 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the ELF-EMF exposure had different effects on banana and slipper orchid cultures though both plant species belong to monocotyledon. The highest increase in chlorophyll content on banana was resulted by the high intensity and long duration of ELF-EMF exposure (12 mT for 4 hours), whereas on slipper orchid the modest and short duration of ELF-EMF exposure produced the most excessive chlorophyll content. Different ELF-EMF exposures (12 mT for 4 hours and 6 mT for 30 minutes) had potential to be applied on each plant to improve in vitro plant (banana and slipper orchid, respectively) growth. The increased chlorophyll and carotene/xanthophyll content on banana indicated that the banana was more tolerant to ELF-EMF exposure compared to slipper orchid

Study on anisotropies and momentum densities in AlN, GaN and InN by positron annihilation

The independent particle model (IPM) coupled with empirical pseudopotential method (EPM) was used to compute the thermalized positron charge densities in specific family of binary tetrahedrally coordinated crystals of formula ANB8-N. Initial results show a clear asymmetrical positron charge distribution relative to the bond center. It is observed that the positron density is maximum in the open interstices and is excluded not only, from the ion cores but also to a considerable degree from the valence bonds. Electron-positron momentum densities are calculated for the (001,110) planes. The results are used to analyze the positron effects in AlN, GaN and InN compounds. Our computational technique provides the theoretical means of interpreting the k-space densities obtained experimentally using the twodimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation (2D-ACAR)