Le crowdsourcing appliqué aux bibliothèques numériques

Recueillir, produire, diffuser des données est le moteur essentiel de la connaissance, à quoi contribuent aujourd\u27hui les bibliothèques. Mais de qui, vers qui et au profit de qui ? Enjeux politiques, commerciaux, logiques de communication comment échapper à l\u27alternative : angélisme ou diabolisation

Pulpotomy of Symptomatic Permanent Teeth with Carious Exposure Using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

Introduction: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of pulpotomy treatment with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in symptomatic mature permanent teeth with carious exposure. Materials and Methods: Ten patients aged 27-54 years presented with 11 symptomatic permanent teeth (n=11). Each offending carious tooth was clinically and radiographically determined. We removed caries as conservatively as possible; however pulp exposure was inevitable. ProRoot MTA pulpotomy was performed on these teeth. The patients were followed-up clinically and radiographically for 24-42 months. Results: Immediate relief of patients` symptoms occurred. Moreover, teeth responses to the electric pulp tester were within normal range on follow-up appointment and the radiographs did not reveal any abnormality/lesion in the periapical areas. Conclusion: Pulpotomy using MTA could be a good alternative for root canal therapy (RCT) for managing symptomatic mature permanent teeth with carious exposure, however further large-scale multicenter clinical trials are highly encouraged to confirm this hypothesis

Analysis of phenolic and flavonoids of wild ephedra alata plant extractsby lc/pda and lc/ms and their antioxidant activity

Background: Ephedra is among Palestinian medicinal plants that are traditionally used in folkloric medicine for treating many diseases. Ephedra is known to have antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The goal of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of different extracts from the Ephedra alata plant growing wild in Palestine, and to analyze their phenolic and flavonoid constituents by HPLC/PDA and HPLC/MS. Materials and Methods: Samples of the Ephedra alata plant grown wild in Palestine were extracted with three different solvents namely, 100% water, 80% ethanol, and 100% ethanol. The extracts were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), as well as phenolic and flavonoids content by HPLC/PDA/MS. Results: The results revealed that the polarity of the extraction solvent affects the TPC, TFC, and AA of extracts. It was found that both TPC and AA are highest for plant extracted with 80% ethanol, followed by 100% ethanol, and finally with 100% water. TFC however was highest in the following order: 100% ethanol > 80% ethanol > water. Pearson correlation indicated that there is a significant correlation between AA and TPC, but there is no correlation between AA and TFC. Simultaneous HPLC-PDA and UHPLC-MS analysis of the ethanolic plant extracts revealed the presence of Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide flavone, Myricetin 3-rhamnoside and some other major polyphenolic compounds that share myricetin skeleton. Conclusion Ephedra alata extract is rich in potent falvonoid glycosidic compounds as revealed by their similar overlaid UV-Vis spectra and UHPLC-MS results. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that Ephedra alata constitutes a natural source of potent antioxidants that may prevent many diseases and could be potentially used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products

The dynamics of centralized procurement reform in a decentralized state : evidence and lessons from Indonesia

A central policy of the Government of Indonesia's strategy for enhancing its country's economic and social development is to develop infrastructure and expand service delivery. Public procurement reform is a key component of this policy. Despite the decentralization of financial responsibility and authority to relatively autonomous local level governments, procurement reform in Indonesia is a centrally-driven effort. In this paper, we examine the extent to which procurement reform is translating into improvements in sub-national performance. Data on local government procurement expenditures point to an overall decline in the volume of procurement, especially in poorer districts. This paper uses qualitative case studies of procurement reform in six local governments and finds that local government leadership is associated with the uptake of reform. There is little evidence to suggest that procurement reform has been "demand''-led, since neither the private sector nor Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) have been active in advocating for procurement reform

تأثير عدم تماثل المعلومات في إدارة الأرباح الحقيقية: دراسة تطبيقية في سوق العراق للوراق المالية

يهدف البحث إلى اختبار تأثير عدم تماثل المعلومات في إدارة الأرباح الحقيقية في قطاع الشركات الصناعية العراقية، وتناول البحث عينة من الشركات الصناعية المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية خلال الفترة الممتدة من 2010-2019، وتوصل البحث إلى وجود علاقة ارتباط ايجابية (طردية) ذات دلالة معنوية بين عدم تماثل المعلومات وإدارة الأرباح الحقيقية، وهذا يدل على أنه كلما ارتفعت مستويات عدم تماثل المعلومات بين إدارة الشركة وأصحاب المصالح الخارجيين رافق ذلك زيادة في مستويات وممارسات إدارة الأرباح الحقيقية داخل الشركة، ووجود تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية لعدم تماثل المعلومات في إدارة الأرباح الحقيقية