1,015 research outputs found
The Tully-Fisher relation of distant field galaxies
We examine the evolution of the Tully-Fisher relation (TFR) using a sample of
89 field spirals, with 0.1 < z < 1, for which we have measured confident
rotation velocities (Vrot). By plotting the residuals from the local TFR versus
redshift, or alternatively fitting the TFR to our data in several redshift
bins, we find evidence that luminous spiral galaxies are increasingly offset
from the local TFR with redshift, reaching a brightening of -1.0+-0.5 mag, for
a given Vrot, by approximately z = 1. Since selection effects would generally
increase the fraction of intrinsically-bright galaxies at higher redshifts, we
argue that the observed evolution is probably an upper limit.
Previous studies have used an observed correlation between the TFR residuals
and Vrot to argue that low mass galaxies have evolved significantly more than
those with higher mass. However, we demonstrate that such a correlation may
exist purely due to an intrinsic coupling between the Vrot scatter and TFR
residuals, acting in combination with the TFR scatter and restrictions on the
magnitude range of the data, and therefore it does not necessarily indicate a
physical difference in the evolution of galaxies with different Vrot.
Finally, if we interpret the luminosity evolution derived from the TFR as due
to the evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) in these luminous spiral
galaxies, we find that SFR(z) is proportional to (1+z)^(1.7+-1.1), slower than
commonly derived for the overall field galaxy population. This suggests that
the rapid evolution in the SFR density of the universe observed since
approximately z = 1 is not driven by the evolution of the SFR in individual
bright spiral galaxies. (Abridged.)Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted by MNRA
Clustering of red Galaxies near the Radio-loud Quasar 1335.8+2834 at z=1.1
We have obtained new deep optical and near-infrared images of the field of
the radio-loud quasar 1335.8+2834 at where an excess in the surface
number density of galaxies was reported by Hutchings et al. [AJ, 106, 1324]
from optical data. We found a significant clustering of objects with very red
optical-near infrared colors, and near the quasar. The colors and magnitudes of the reddest objects
are consistent with those of old (12 Gyr old at z=0) passively-evolving
elliptical galaxies seen at , clearly defining a `red envelope' like
that found in galaxy clusters at similar or lower redshifts. This evidence
strongly suggests that the quasar resides in a moderately-rich cluster of
galaxies (richness-class ). There is also a relatively large fraction
of objects with moderately red colors () which have a
distribution on the sky similar to that of the reddest objects. They may be
interpreted as cluster galaxies with some recent or on-going star formation.Comment: 14 pages text, 5 PostScript figures, 1 GIF figure, and 1 combined PS
file. Accepted for ApJ, Letter
Morphology-dependent trends of galaxy age with environment in Abell 901/902 seen with COMBO-17
We investigate correlations between galaxy age and environment in the Abell
901/2 supercluster for separate morphologies. Using COMBO-17 data, we define a
sample of 530 galaxies, complete at on an area of (Mpc/). We explore several age indicators including an
extinction-corrected residual from the colour-magnitude relation (CMR). As a
result, we find a clear trend of age with density for galaxies of all
morphologies that include a spheroidal component, in the sense that galaxies in
denser environments are older. This trend is not seen among Scd/Irr galaxies
since they all have young ages. However, the trend among the other types is
stronger for fainter galaxies. While we also see an expected age-morphology
relation, we find no evidence for a morphology-density relation at fixed age.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (Letters
Star formation rates and chemical abundances of emission line galaxies in intermediate-redshift clusters
We examine the evolutionary status of luminous, star-forming galaxies in
intermediate-redshift clusters by considering their star formation rates and
the chemical and ionsiation properties of their interstellar emitting gas. Our
sample consists of 17 massive, star-forming, mostly disk galaxies with
M_{B}<-20, in clusters with redshifts in the range 0.31< z <0.59, with a median
of =0.42. We compare these galaxies with the identically selected and
analysed intermediate-redshift field sample of Mouhcine et al. (2006), and with
local galaxies from the Nearby Field Galaxy Survey of Jansen et al. (2000).
From our optical spectra we measure the equivalent widths of OII, Hbeta and
OIII emission lines to determine diagnostic line ratios, oxygen abundances, and
extinction-corrected star formation rates. The star-forming galaxies in
intermediate-redshift clusters display emission line equivalent widths which
are, on average, significantly smaller than measured for field galaxies at
comparable redshifts. However, a contrasting fraction of our cluster galaxies
have equivalent widths similar to the highest observed in the field. This
tentatively suggests a bimodality in the star-formation rates per unit
luminosity for galaxies in distant clusters. We find no evidence for further
bimodalities, or differences between our cluster and field samples, when
examining additional diagnostics and the oxygen abundances of our galaxies.
This maybe because no such differences exist, perhaps because the cluster
galaxies which still display signs of star-formation have recently arrived from
the field. In order to examine this topic with more certainty, and to further
investigate the way in which any disparity varies as a function of cluster
properties, larger spectroscopic samples are needed.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, MNRAS in pres
Evolution of Cluster Ellipticals at 0.2 < z < 1.2 from Hubble Space Telescope Imaging
Two-dimensional surface photometry derived from Hubble Space Telescope
imaging is presented for a sample of 225 early-type galaxies (assumed to be
cluster members) in the fields of 9 clusters at redshifts .
The 94 luminous ellipticals (; selected by morphology alone with
no reference to color) form tight sequences in the size-luminosity plane. The
position of these sequences shifts, on average, with redshift so that an object
of a given size at z=0.55 is brighter by mag than
its counterpart (measured with the same techniques) in nearby clusters. At
z=0.9 the shift is mag. If the relation between
size and luminosity is universal so that the local cluster galaxies represent
the evolutionary endpoints of those at high redshift, and if the
size-luminosity relation is not modified by dynamical processes then this
population of galaxies has undergone significant luminosity evolution since z=1
consistent with expectations based on models of passively evolving, old stellar
populations.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, and 1 Tabl
The Tully-Fisher relation of intermediate redshift field and cluster galaxies from Subaru spectroscopy
We have carried out spectroscopic observations in 4 cluster fields using
Subaru's FOCAS multi-slit spectrograph and obtained spectra for 103 bright disk
field and cluster galaxies at . Seventy-seven of these
show emission lines, and 33 provide reasonably-secure determinations of the
galaxies' rotation velocity. The rotation velocities, luminosities, colours and
emission-line properties of these galaxies are used to study the possible
effects of the cluster environment on the star-formation history of the
galaxies. Comparing the Tully-Fisher relations of cluster and field galaxies at
similar reshifts we find no measurable difference in rest-frame -band
luminosity at a given rotation velocity (the formal difference is mag). The colours of the cluster emission line galaxies are only marginally
redder in rest-frame (by mag) than the field galaxies in
our sample. Taken at face value, these results seem to indicate that bright
star-forming cluster spirals are similar to their field counterparts in their
star-formation properties. However, we find that the fraction of disk galaxies
with absorption-line spectra (i.e., with no current star formation) is larger
in clusters than in the field by a factor of --5. This suggests that the
cluster environment has the overall effect of switching off star formation in
(at least) some spiral galaxies. To interpret these observational results, we
carry out simulations of the possible effects of the cluster environment on the
star-formation history of disk galaxies and thus their photometric and
spectroscopic properties. Finally, we evaluate the evolution of the rest-frame
absolute -band magnitude per unit redshift at fixed rotation velocity.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
The host galaxy of GRB010222: The strongest damped Lyman-alpha system known
Analysis of the absorption lines in the afterglow spectrum of the gamma-ray
burst GRB010222 indicates that its host galaxy (at a redshift of z=1.476) is
the strongest damped Lyman-alpha (DLA) system known, having a very low
metallicity and modest dust content. This conclusion is based on the detection
of the red wing of Lyman-alpha plus a comparison of the equivalent widths of
ultraviolet Mg I, Mg II, and Fe II lines with those in other DLAs. The column
density of H I, deduced from a fit to the wing of Lyman-alpha, is (5 +/- 2)
10^22 cm^-2. The ratio of the column densities of Zn and Cr lines suggests that
the dust content in our line of sight through the galaxy is low. This could be
due to either dust destruction by the ultraviolet emission of the afterglow or
to an initial dust composition different to that of the diffuse interstellar
material, or a combination of both.Comment: Submitted to MNRAS 12 page
The sizes of disc galaxies in intermediate-redshift clusters
We examine how the location of star formation within disc galaxies depends on
environment at intermediate redshift. This is achieved by comparing
emission-line (r_em) and restframe B-band (r_B) scalelengths for matched
samples of 50 field and 19 cluster star-forming, disc galaxies, with 0.25 < z <
1.0 and M_B < -19.5 mag. We find that at a given r_B the majority of our
cluster galaxies have r_em smaller than those in the field, by 25 percent on
average. These results are compared with studies of local galaxies, which find
a very similar behaviour. From the relations of r_em and r_B versus B-band
absolute magnitude (M_B) we infer that the difference between the
intermediate-z cluster and field samples is mostly attributable to variation in
r_em at a given M_B, while the r_B versus M_B relation is similar for the two
samples.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter
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