INDUSTRY ACADEMIA COLLABORATION IN THE CONTEXT OF OPEN INNOVATION: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

Industry & academia are building pillars of a country’s knowledge base economy. Industry focus is on practical significance while role of academia is to disseminate knowledge. Although they seem different in their focus; however, there are similarities for innovation-based partnerships. Once Industry & Academia are embedded in the notion of “open innovationâ€, both parties can benefit from collaboration. This is a quantitative study in which drawing upon resource dependence theory, a framework is developed for collaborating factors between industry and academia in the context of Pakistan. Sample from industry and academia is studied using survey instrument and impact of collaboration is measured on magnitude and level of innovation. LISREL based modeling technique is used for quantitatively analyzing proposed framework. Two questions are addressed in this study; What are the antecedents of industry and academia to collaborate in the context of open innovation, and the impact of collaboration on magnitude and level of innovation? This study contains key implications for education sector, industry and policy makers for enhancement of knowledge base in Pakistan

英語からベンガル語への機械翻訳システムの開発・解析と応用

電気通信大学201

イメージプロセッシングを用いた鳥の歌の音素抽出に関する研究

電気通信大学200

Example based English to Bengali machine translation

This thesis report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineering, 2008.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis report.Includes bibliographical references (page 31).In this thesis we propose a new architecture for example based English to Bengali machine translation. The proposed Example Based Machine Translation (EBMT) system has five steps: 1) Tagging 2) Parsing 3) Prepare the chunks of the sentence using sub-sentential EBMT 4) Using an efficient adapting scheme match the sentence rule 5) Translate from English to Bengali in the chunk and generate output with morphological analysis. We prepared our tag set for tagging the English sentence. Here we proposed an optimal adapting scheme for choosing sentence rule from the knowledge base of the EBMT system. Our current system can translate simple sentences. We also defined a way to translate a complex sentence using sub-sentential EBMT. As this system can add more rules in the knowledge base, eventually it can be use for general purpose English to Bengali machine translation.Khan Md. Anwarus SalamB. Computer Science and Engineering

Cardiac arrest in a child following cranioplasty

Craniofacial surgery in paediatric patients is associated with several complications, including severe bleeding and venous air embolism. We present a case of an 18 months, 10 kilogramme weight child who had cardiac arrest after completion of surgery, but before extubation. Possibility of both haemorrhage and venous air embolism is discussed

Performance Improvement Plan for Developing Countries

This paper highlights the various dimensions of Performance Improvement Plan and their implications to different organizations of developing countries. The proposed approach might be supportive in the development of model that improves the performance of developing world. Various steps of model including analyze the economic, political, and legal situation of the country, availability of resources, effective tools for improving performance, evaluation tools, develop effective communication with employees, feedback and analytical estimates. The developing countries are facing some challenges which are hinder to improve performance. These countries can improve the performance by adopting alternatives and effective management of the available resources is the key factor to improve performance. Keywords: performance, developing countries, performance improvement pla

Leaking pseudoaneurysm of hepatic artery: A potentially life-threatening complication of a common procedure

We report a case of leaking pseudoaneurysm of right hepatic artery in a 54-year old female after laparoscopic cholecystectomy who presented with massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage and was successfully managed with angiography and coil embolization

Targeting chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells using anti-ROR1 monoclonal antibodies and small molecules inhibitors

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by accumulation of malignant B cells in blood, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes. It is the most common leukemia in the Western world. Major progress has been made in recent years to prolong the survival and improve the well-being of the patients. Despite advances, CLL is still a disease with no cure. New therapeutic strategies, based on new targets and novel drugs, are needed. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (ROR1) belongs to one of the twenty families of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). RTKs are involved in important cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, survival, signaling and migration. Many RTKs are deregulated in various types of cancer and may act as a therapeutic target. ROR1 is highly expressed in CLL and other malignancies but not in normal adult cells. ROR1 has been shown to be a survival factor for CLL cells. The main goal of the study was to develop novel ROR1 targeting therapeutics for CLL. In the first study, five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against different domains of the extracellular part of ROR1 were produced and their apoptotic activity was analysed. All five mAbs recognized surface bound ROR1 and induced selective apoptosis of CLL cells but not of normal B cells. Antibodies alone against CRD and KNG domains of ROR1 were the most effective in inducing apoptosis of CLL cells without the need of complement or immune effector cells. KNG and CRD mAbs induced higher cytotoxicity than rituximab in vitro. Crosslinking of ROR1 mAbs with F(ab)2 fragments significantly enhanced apoptosis. Two of the mAbs also induced complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) similar to rituximab and one KNG mAb (IgG1) induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In the second study, different ROR1 isoforms as well as the phosphorylation pattern in CLL cells were analysed. Two major ROR1 bands with the size of 105 and 130 kDa were identified which may correspond to unglycosylated (immature) and glycosylated (mature) ROR1 respectively. The 105 kDa band was significantly higher expressed in non-progressive than in progressive CLL patients. Two other ROR1 bands with the size of 260 kDa and 64 kDa were also noted which might represent dimerized ROR1 and truncated ROR1, respectively. The 64 kDa band was localized to the nucleus indicating a possible role as a transcription factor. ROR1 isoforms of 64, 105, 130 and 260 kDa were all phosphorylated at tyrosine and serine residues. The phosphorylation intensity for the 130 kDa ROR1 isoform was significantly higher in progressive than in non-progressive CLL patients. ROR1 mAbs against the CRD and KNG domains induced dephosphorylation of ROR1 and subsequent apoptosis of CLL cells. In the third study, the effect of ROR1 mAbs on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling was analyzed. Anti-CRD ROR1 mAb induced apoptosis of CLL cells and reduced phosphorylation levels of ROR1 as well as of SRC, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and CREB. An anti-ROR1 mAb against the Ig-like domain did not induce apoptosis. In the fourth study, the expression of dishevelled (DVL) proteins was investigated. DVL proteins (DVL1, DVL2 and DVL3) were significantly upregulated in CLL cells compared to normal PBMC. DVL1 and DVL3 expression was higher in progressive than in non-progressive CLL patients whereas DVL2 was significantly higher expressed in non-progressive compared to progressive CLL. DVL1, DVL2 and DVL3 were phosphorylated at tyrosine and serine residues. The data indicate that DVLs are involved in the pathobiology of CLL probably as part of the Wnt signaling pathways. In the fifth study, a small molecule that inhibits activated ROR1 (KAN0439834) was described for the first time. KAN0439834 induced apoptosis in CLL cells, about 60-fold higher compared to normal PBMC. KAN0439834 dephosphorylated ROR1 and seemed to dephosphorylate PI3K, AKT and CREB. KAN0439834 showed higher specific killing activity against CLL cells compared to other kinase inhibitors. Treatment of NOD-SCID mice xenografted with human CLL cells with KAN0439834 significantly reduced the number of CLL cells and dephosphorylated ROR1. In conclusion, mAbs and a first-in-class tyrosine kinase inhibitor against ROR1 showed promising results with regard to specific cytotoxicity of CLL cells. Based on these data, ROR1 appears to be a suitable target for a novel therapeutic approach of CLL, as well as of other malignancies with a different mechanism of action than currently available drugs

Example based English-Bengali machine translation using wordnet

Includes bibliographical references (page 4).In this paper we propose an architecture of English-Bengali Example Based Machine Translation (EBMT) using WordNet. The proposed EBMT system has five steps: 1) Tagging 2) Parsing 3) Prepare the chunks of the sentence using sub-sentential EBMT 4) Using an efficient adapting scheme, match the sentence rule 5) Translate from Source Language (English) to Target Language (Bengali) in the chunk and generate with morphological analysis with the help of WordNet. Using the word senses given by the WordNet we can detect the ambiguity and improve the correctness of translation.Khan Md. Anwarus SalamMumit KhanTetsuro Nishin

Impact of Corporate Governance Exerted by Board of Directors on Performance of Commercial Banks of Pakistan (Study Carried out on Prominent Commercial Banks of Rawalpindi)

The corporate governance mechanisms in Pakistan are in most instances thought to be less important to achieve good organizational performance. By enduring the good corporate governance exerted by BODs, organizations may increase the circumstances where management can convince the employees particularly and shareholders generally to obtain long term organizational gains. We used five point likert scale questionnaire to measure the corporate governance in banking sector of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. This empirical study suggests that the corporate governance by board of directors has widespread role in organizational performance. The results suggest that independence and accountability have significant effect on organizational performance. However, effect of independence is higher than accountability. Moreover, our study shows that transparency do not effect on organizational success significantly. Keywords: corporate governance, transparency, independence, accountability, board of directors and organizational performance