Prospect Theory: A bibliometric and systematic review in the categories of psychology in Web of Science

Prospect Theory (PT) is an alternative, dynamic explanation of the phenomenon of risky decision making. This research presents an overview of PT's history in health fields, including advancements, limitations, and bibliometric data. A systematic and bibliometric review of the scientific literature included in the psychological categories ofWeb of Science (WoS) was performed following the PRISMA 2020 statement for systematic reviews. A total of 37 studies (10 non-empirical and 27 empirical) were included in the sample. Bibliometric results showed thematic variability and heterogeneity regarding the production, researchers, and methodologies that are used to study PT. The systematic results highlight three main fields of PT research: preventive and screening behaviors, promotion of healthy habits, and COVID-related decision making. Personal and contextual factors which alter the usual pattern specified by PT are also described. To conclude, PT currently has an interdisciplinary character suitable for health promotion, with recent studies broadening its applicability

Deep learning model of convolutional neural networks powered by a genetic algorithm for prevention of traffic accidents severity

The World Health Organization highlights that the number of annual road traffic deaths has reached 1.35 million (Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018). In addition, million of people suffer more or less important injuries as a consequence of this type of accidents. In this scenario, the prediction of the severity of traffic accidents is an essential point when it comes to improving the prevention and reaction of the entities responsible. On the other hand, the development of reliable methodologies to predict and classify the level of severity of traffic accidents, based on various variables, is a key component in the field of research in road safety. This work aims to propose a new approach, based on convolutional neural networks, for the detection of the severity of traffic accidents. Behind this objective is the preprocessing, analysis and visualization of data as well as the design, implementation and comparison of machine learning models considering accuracy as a performance indicator. For this purpose, a scalable and easily reusable methodology has been implemented. This methodology has been compared with other deep learning models verifying that the results of the designed neural network offer better performance in terms of quality measures.Financial support provided under grant number PID2020-112827GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Activity monitoring in professional soccer goalkeepers during training and match play

The purpose of the present study was to quantify the external load of professional soccer goalkeepers. Twenty professional goalkeepers participated in the study. Data were classified according to the number of days before or after the match day (MD) as follows: MD-4, MD-3, MD-2, MD-1 for the sessions before the match, and MD+1 for the session after the match. The total running distance covered (TD), the high metabolic load (HMLD), the number of high metabolic load efforts (HMLE) were progressively reduced from MD-4 to MD-1 but the values of these variables were always inferior to MD (ES: -3.79 to −1.11). There was a tendency for a progressive reduction in the number of high-intensity accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DEC) from MD-4 to MD-1 although the values of ACC/DEC were superior to MD (ES: 0.19 to 2.05). Overall, MD-2 was the day with the lowest external load. During training sessions, starter goalkeepers performed more TD (ES: 0.36) and more HMLE (ES: 0.29) than non-starters. External load was progressively decreased in the days before match play for goalkeepers which is reflective of appropriate recovery and preparation practices within the cohort analysed. However, habitual goalkeepers training has an excess of accelerations/decelerations and a lack of running actions performed at high metabolic loads

Estudio virtual de un probable meningioma en un cráneo de época romana

[ES] Las enfermedades han acompañado a las poblaciones humanas desde la prehistoria. Conocer las paleopatologías y sus consecuencias puede ayudar a entender cómo han influido en las formas de vida de las poblaciones del pasado. Los estudios tafonómicos y paleopatológicos son claves para entender el origen de las lesiones; también pueden aportar información sobre las causas de muerte, el comportamiento de las poblaciones analizadas, así como la existencia de conflictos interpersonales o el cuidado de los enfermos. Se obtienen datos sobre la existencia de determinadas enfermedades en el registro arqueológico. Aquí presentamos el análisis de cuatro lesiones encontradas en un cráneo romano de la cueva de Marcenejas, situada en el norte de España. El análisis antropológico de este cráneo ha revelado que corresponde a un individuo masculino adulto. Este trabajo se centra en el diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones para discernir las etiologías más probables. Se han aplicado las siguientes técnicas: análisis morfológico clásico, análisis tafonómico forense y análisis virtual. La microtomografía computarizada (MicroTC) y la microscopía 3D se han empleado como herramientas esenciales para el análisis virtual del cráneo y sus lesiones. Los resultados obtenidos han revelado la existencia de un tumor y tres traumatismos exocraneales, todos ellos ante mortem. La localización del tumor, así como su morfología junto con otros aspectos apoyan el meningioma como tipo de tumor más probable. Este meningioma representa el primer caso para estas cronologías en la Península Ibérica, donde hay pocos casos documentados. Las tres lesiones traumáticas revelan la existencia de lesiones producidas tanto por objetos contundentes como cortantes, relacionadas con eventos de violencia interpersonal. La aplicación del análisis 3D virtual ha demostrado que es factible identificar tumores en aquellas regiones craneales internas donde la lesión no es visible, aportando nuevos datos comparativos para el registro paleopatológico de poblaciones del pasado.[EN] Diseases have accompanied human populations since prehistoric times. Knowing the paleopathologies and their consequences derived from them can help us to understand their impact and how have been decisive in our ancestors' ways of life. Taphonomic and paleopathological studies are key to understanding how injuries occurred; they can provide information on causes of death, analyzed populations behaviour, such as the existence of interpersonal conflicts or how they took the care of the sick. Those studies also confirm the existence of certain diseases, mentioned in the archaeological record. This paper explains the analysis of four lesions found in a Roman-era cranium from Sima de Marcenejas, located in Northern Spain. An anthropological analysis of this cranium has revealed that it corresponds to an adult male individual. This work focuses on the differential diagnosis of the lesions, to be able to discern the most likely aetiologies. The following techniques have been implemented: classical morphological analysis, forensic taphonomic analysis and virtual analysis. MicroCT and 3D microscopy have been used as essential tools for the virtual analysis of the cranium and its lesions. The results obtained revealed the existence of a tumour and three exocranial traumas, all of them antemortem. The location of the tumour, as well as its morphology together with other aspects, support the meningioma as the most probable tumour type. This possible ancient meningioma represents the first case for these chronologies on the Iberian Peninsula, where there are few documented cases. The three traumatic lesions reveal the existence of injuries produced by both, blunt and sharp objects, related to events of interpersonal violence. By applying virtual 3D analyses, the researchers have demonstrated that it is viable to identify tumours in those internal cranial regions, where the lesion is not visible, thus providing new comparative data for the paleopathological record of past populations. Highlights: Meningiomas are rare in the archaeological record which complicates tracing themin ancient human populations. The use of computerized microtomography (MicroCT) and virtual 3D models makes it possible to identify tumoursin those internal cranial regions where the lesions are not visible. Paleopathological analysis of a Roman cranium has revealed, in addition to cranial trauma, a new possible case of meningioma.Rodríguez-Iglesias, D.; Pantoja-Pérez, A.; Fernández-Colón, P.; Pablos, A.; Alcaraz-Castaño, M.; Sala, N. (2023). Virtual assessment of a possible meningioma in a Roman-period cranium. Virtual Archaeology Review. 14(29):14-25. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2023.1968014251429Arbizu, J., Domínguez, P. D., Diez-Valle, R., Vigil, C., García-Eulate, R., Zubieta, J. L., & Richter, J. A. (2011). Neuroimagen de los tumores cerebrales. Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear, 30(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remn.2010.11.001Berger, T. D., & Trinkaus, E. (1995). Patterns of trauma among the Neandertals. Journal of Archaeological Science, 22, 841–852. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(95)90013-6.Bourekas, E. C., Cohen, M. L., Kamen, C. S., Tarr, R. W., Lanzieri, C. F., & Lewin, J. S. (1996). Malignant Hemangioendothelioma (Angiosarcoma) of the Skull: Plain Film, CT, and MR Appearance. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 17, 1946–1948.Brothwell, M., & Brothwell, D. (2016). Evidence for ancient meningiomas and a probable case from Medieval Tarbat, Scotland. International Journal of Paleopathology, 13, 65–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2016.01.004Brotwell, D. (1965). Digging up bones. The excavation, treatment and study of human skeletal remains. New York: Cornelll University Press.Campillo, D. (1991). The possibility of diagnosing meningiomas in palaeopathology. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 1(3–4), 225–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.1390010315Campillo, D. (1993). Paleopatología. Los primeros vestigios de la enfermedad. Barcelona: Fundación Uriach.Casas Parera, I., Báez, A., Banfi, N., Blumenkrantz, Y., Halfon, M. J., Barros, M., … Lozano, C. (2016). Meningiomas en neurooncología. Neurologia Argentina, 8(3), 210–226. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.117113108Cook, D. C., & Danforth, M. E. (2022). Meningiomas in ancient human populations. Cancers, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14041058De Salvo, S., Pavone, V., Coco, S., Dell’agli, E., Blatti, C., & Testa, G. (2022). 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American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 154(2), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22502Gomez, C. K., Schiffman, S. R., & Bhatt, A. A. (2018). Radiological review of skull lesions. Insights into Imaging, 9(5), 857–882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-018-0643-0Gracia-Téllez, A., Arsuaga, J. L., Martínez, I., Martín-Francés, L., Martinón-Torres, M., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., … Lira, J. (2013). Orofacial pathology in Homo heidelbergensis: The case of Skull 5 from the Sima de los Huesos site (Atapuerca, Spain). Quaternary International, 295, 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.005Guyomarc’H, P., Campagna-Vaillancourt, M., Kremer, C., & Sauvageau, A. (2010). Discrimination of falls and blows in blunt head trauma: A multi-criteria approach. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 55(2), 423–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01310.xHernández Varela, A., Basulto Vega, S., Nápoles Domínguez, M., Betancourt Mosquera, G., Roura León, H., Da Conceiçao Almeida, F., & Cardoso Núñez, O. (2006). Metástasis craneales sobre los senos durales de la convexidad. Informe de nueve casos. Revista Mexicana de Neurocirugía, 7(3), 240–245.Ichimura, S., Takahara, K., & Fujii, K. (2019). Fibrous meningioma with skull invasion. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 10(4), 707–710. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399600Kakkar, A., Nambirajan, A., Suri, V., Sarkar, C., Kale, S. S., Singh, M., & Sharma, M. C. (2016). Primary bone tumors of the skull: Spectrum of 125 cases, with review of literature. Journal of Neurological Surgery, Part B: Skull Base, 77(4), 319–325. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1570347Kanazawa, R., Yoshida, D., Takahashi, H., Matsumoto, K., & Teramoto, A. (2003). Osteosarcoma arising from the skull-case report. Neurologia Medico Chirug (Tokyo), 43, 88–91. https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.43.88Kang, S. H., Park, S. W., Kwon, K. Y., & Hong, W. J. (2010). A solitary skull lesion of syphilitic osteomyelitis. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 48(1), 85–87. https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2010.48.1.85Kimmerle, E. H., & Baraybar, J. P. (2008). Skeletal Trauma. Identification of Injuries Resulting from Human Rights Abuse and Armed Conflict. Boca Raton: CRC Press.Leyva-Pérez, I., Guerrero-Avendaño, G., & Ramón Hernández-Paz, J. (2013). Meningiomas: apariencia por tomografía y por resonancia magnética. Localizaciones más frecuentes. Anales de Radiología México, 1, 36–44.Lin, Y. C., Commins, D. L., Fedenko, A. N., & Pinsky, G. S. (2005). A rare case of periosteal osteoblastoma located in the frontal cranial bone. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 129(6), 787–789. https://doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-787-ARCOPOLovejoy, C. O. (1985). Dental Wear in the Libben Population: Its Functional Pattern and Role in the Determination of Adult Skeletal. Age at Death. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 68, 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330680105Martin-Francés, L., Martinon-Torres, M., Gracia-Téllez, A., & Bermúdez de Castro, J. M. (2015). Evidence of stress fracture in a Homo antecessor metatarsal from Gran Dolina Site (Atapuerca, Spain). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 25(4), 564–573. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.2310Martín-Francés, L., Martinón-Torres, M., Gracia-Téllez, A., & Bermúdez de Castro, J. M. (2016). Evidence of trauma in a ca. 1-million-year-old patella of Homo antecessor, Gran Dolina-Atapuerca (Spain). Comptes Rendus - Palevol, 15(8), 1011–1016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2016.04.014Meindl, R. S., & Lovejoy, C. O. (1985). Ectocranial Suture Closure: A revised method for the determination of skeletal age at death based on the lateral-anterior sutures. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 68, 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330680106Mena, H., L. Ribas, J., H. Pezeshkpour, G., N. Cowan, D., & E. Parisi, J. (1991). Hemangiopericytoma of the Central Nervous System: A Review of 94 Cases. Human Pathology, 22(1), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/0046-8177(91)90067-YMerczi, M., Marcsik, A., Bernert, Z., Józsa, L., Buczkó, K., Lassányi, G., … Molnár, E. (2014). Skeletal metastatic carcinomas from the Roman period (1st to 5th Century AD) in Hungary. Pathobiology, 81(2), 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1159/000357435Miles, A.-E.-W. (1963). Dentition in the estimating of age. Journal of Dental Research, 42, 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345630420012701Moreno-Ibáñez, M. Á., Saladié, P., Morales, J. I., Cebrià, A., & Fullola, J. M. (2021). Was it an axe or an adze? A cranial trauma case study from the Late Neolithic – Chalcolithic site of Cova Foradada (Calafell, Spain). International Journal of Paleopathology, 32, 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.11.002Navas-García, M., Pulido-Rivas, P., Pascual-Garvi, J. M., Manzanares-Soler, R., & Sola, R. G. (2011). Quiste óseo aneurismático frontal. Caso clínico y revisión de la bibliografía. Revista de Neurología, 52(6), 349–354.Ortner, D. J., & Putschar, W. G. J. (1981). Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.Politi, M., Romeike, B., & Reith, W. (2005). Intraosseous hemangioma of the skull with dural tail sign: radiologic features with pathologic correlation. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 26(8), 2049–2052.Rutkowski, M. J., Sughrue, M. E., Kane, A. J., Aranda, D., Mills, S. A., Barani, I. J., & Parsa, A. T. (2010). Predictors of mortality following treatment of intracranial hemangiopericytoma. Journal of Neurosurgery, 113(2), 333–339. https://doi.org/10.3171/2010.3.JNS091882Sala, N., Arsuaga, J. L., Pantoja-Pérez, A., Pablos, A., Martínez, I., Quam, R. M., … Carbonell, E. (2015). Lethal interpersonal violence in the Middle Pleistocene. PLoS ONE, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126589Sala, N., Pantoja-Pérez, A., Arsuaga, J. L., Pablos, A., & Martínez, I. (2016). The Sima de los Huesos Crania: Analysis of the cranial breakage patterns. Journal of Archaeological Science, 72, 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.06.001Spekker, O., Váradi, O. A., Szekeres, A., Jäger, H. Y., Zink, A., Berner, M., … Tihanyi, B. (2022). A rare case of calvarial tuberculosis from the Avar Age (8th century CE) cemetery of Kaba–Bitózug (Hajdú-Bihar County, Hungary) – Pathogenesis and differential diagnostic aspects. Tuberculosis, 135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2022.102226Stubenvoll, R. W., & Hunsaker, D. H. (1987). Eosinophilic granuloma of frontal bone. Military Medicine, 152(6), 327–329.Walker, P. L. (2008). 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Actividades educativas en el yacimiento de vertebrados miócenos de Somosaguas (Universidad Complutense, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid)

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

MIL Cities: marketing y comunicación persuasiva en el sector turístico

La persona es un ser sociable por naturaleza y precisa del contacto con los otros a través del lenguaje verbal y no verbal. Esta interrelación se desarrolla en un entorno urbano o rural, muchas veces enmarcados en centros turísticos. La iniciativa "Ciudades Alfabetizadas en Medios e Información" (MIL Cities) fue concebida con motivo de la Semana Global de Alfabetización en Medios e Información en 2018 en Lituania, que se celebró bajo el lema "Ciudades MIL: voces, poder y creadores de cambio". En este artículo se analiza la importancia del marketing y la comunicación persuasiva en entornos turísticos donde el elemento protagonista es el entendimiento. El marketing mix incluye un conjunto integrado de variables que utilizará una empresa de turismo en un período determinado. Las variables relacionadas con la comunicación son algunas de las más críticas en el marketing turístico, aunque no son las únicas. La metodología de revisión bibliográfica y experiencial es la seleccionada para el estudio

1,3-diphenylpropan-1-ones as allosteric modulators of α7 nACh receptors with analgesic and antioxidant properties

Nicotine acethylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play critical roles in cognitive processes, neuroprotection and inflammation. Results: According to their substituents, 1,3-diphenylpropan-1-one derivatives act as α7 nAChRs negative allosteric modulators (NAM, OMe) or Type I positive allosteric modulators (PAMs, OH). Compounds 7 and 31 were the most effective (989 and 666% enhancement of ACh-induced currents) and potent (EC: 12.9 and 6.85 μM) PAMs. They exhibited strong radical scavenging values. Compound 31, selective over other neuronal nAChR subtypes and with acceptable pharmacokinetic profile, showed antinociceptive effects in a model of inflammatory pain. Conclusion: Compound 31 is a novel, potent and selective α7 nAChR PAM, displaying antioxidant and analgesic activities. The 1,3-diphenylpropan-1-one scaffold could be the base toward more advanced type I PAMs for the treatment of nAChR-mediated diseases.This work was supported by the Spanish MINECO: CSD2008-00005, The Spanish Ion Channel Initiative-CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010, SAF2011-22802 and BFU2012-39092-C02. The Instituto de Neurociencias is a “Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa”. We thank Susana Cámara Garrido for her assistance in the synthesis of some starting compounds and Susana Gerber for technical assistance. BBP thanks the CSIC for a predoctoral fellowship (JAE-Predoc from Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios, co-financed by FSE). Alpha7 nAChRPeer Reviewe

The role of viral particle integrity in the serological assessment of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine-induced immunity in swine

The efficacy of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) inactivated vaccines is mainly dependent on the integrity of the whole (146S) viral particles. If the intact capsids disassemble to 12S subunits, antibodies against internal-not protective epitopes, may be induced. Serological correlates with protection may be hampered if antibodies against internal epitopes are measured. Here we compared the performance of different ELISAs with the virus-neutralization test (VNT) that measures antibodies against exposed epitopes. Sera from pigs immunized with one dose of an expired commercial FMDV vaccine were used. This vaccine contained about 50% of O1/Campos and over 90% of A24/Cruzeiro strains total antigen as whole 146S particles. Specific-total antibodies were measured with the standard liquid-phase blocking ELISA (LPBE). We also developed an indirect ELISA (IE) using sucrose gradient purified 146S particles as capture antigen to titrate total antibodies, IgM, IgG1 and IgG2. A good correlation was found between VNT titers and IgG-ELISAs for A24/Cruzeiro, with the lowest correlation coefficient estimated for IgG2 titers. For O1/Campos, however, the presence of antibodies against epitopes different from those of the whole capsid, elicited by the presence of 12S particles in the vaccine, hampered the correlation between LPBE and VNT, which was improved by using purified O1/Campos 146S-particles for the liquid-phase of the LPBE. Interestingly, 146S particles but not 12S were efficiently bound to the ELISA plates, confirming the efficiency of the IE to detect antibodies against exposed epitopes. Our results indicate that any serological test assessing total antibodies or IgG1 against epitopes exposed in intact 146S-particles correlate with the levels of serum neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated pigs, and might potentially replace the VNT, upon validation. We recommend that antigen used for serological assays aimed to measure protective antibodies against FMDV should be controlled to ensure the preservation of 146S viral particles.Fil: Mansilla, Florencia Celeste. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Turco, Cecilia Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Miraglia, Maria Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Bessone, Fernando Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Franco, Raúl. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Filgueira, Daniel Mariano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Sala, Juan Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Capozzo, Alejandra Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Gastronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; Argentin

Estado, comunidad y mercado en los montes municipales extremeños (1855-1924)

Editada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaEste trabajo pretende evaluar el alcance de la intervención estatal en el proceso de redefinición de los derechos de propiedad. El objetivo fundamental es analizar, a través del estudio de los montes municipales extremeños, el grado de aplicación de los dos mecanisnios de actuación previstos por la legislación liberal en el ámbito de los patrimonios de titularidad pública: la enajenación definitiva de la propiedad y la inspección técnica de la producción. Aun matizando el protagonismo de la ley, la investigación confirma plenamente el éxito de la fórmula privatizadora en el suroeste peninsular. Menos evidente resulta, sin embargo, el triunfo de la vía interventora. Es aquí, precisamente, donde quedan reflejadas las dificultades del Estado para lograr una aplicación homogénea de la norma en todo el territorio nacional.This work aims to evaluate the extent of State intervention in the process of the redefinition of property rights. By studying the evolution of municipal woodlands in Extremadura, my main objective is to analyse the two mechanisms of intervention in the área of publicly held property: the definitive privatisation of property and the technical inspection of production. Even if we play down the effect of legislation, the present investigation confirms the full success of the privatisation formula employed in the Sapnish Southwest. State control over production, however, was far less efficient. Precisely in this área we can see how difficult it is for the State to enforce a comprehensively policy throghout its territory.Publicad

Long COVID Prevalence and the Impact of the Third SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dose: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the Third Follow-Up of the Borriana Cohort, Valencia, Spain (2020–2022)

Background: In March 2020, a COVID-19 outbreak linked to mass gathering dinners at the Falles Festival in Borriana, Spain, resulted in an estimated attack rate of 42.6% among attendees. Methods: In June 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional follow-up study of 473 adults aged 18 to 64 who attended the dinners at the Falles Festival in 2020, examining the cumulative experience after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination responses. Data included demographic details, lifestyle habits, medical history, infection records, and vaccinations from a population-based vaccine registry. Blood samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and cellular immunity. We employed a doubly robust inverse-probability weighting analysis to estimate the booster vaccine dose’s impact on long COVID prevalence and symptom count. Results: A total of 28.1% of participants met the WHO criteria for long COVID, with older individuals showing higher rates. Long COVID diagnosis was less likely with factors including O blood group, higher occupational status, physical activity, three vaccine doses, strong SARS-CoV-2-S-reactive IFNγ-producing-CD8+ response, and infection during the Omicron period. Increased age, high or low social activity, underlying health conditions, a severe initial COVID episode, and reinfection were associated with higher long COVID likelihood. A booster dose, compared to one or two doses, reduced long COVID risk by 74% (95% CI: 56% to 92%) and symptom count by 55% (95% CI: 32% to 79%). Conclusion: Long COVID was prevalent in a significant portion of those who contracted COVID-19, underscoring the need for sustained followup and therapeutic strategies. Vaccinations, notably the booster dose, had a substantial beneficial effect on long-term infection outcomes, affirming the vaccination’s role in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 infection consequencesProject funded by Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública (Generalitat Valenciana, Spain) and the EU Operational Program of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for the Valencian Community 2014–2020, within the framework of the REACT-EU programme, as the Union’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.Medicin