Personal Data Leaks as a Problem of Cyber Safety

Data leak or data breach is a serious problem of global scale. at the moment it is of increased interest in Ukraine which is caused by unstable political and economic situation. Analysing the most interesting cases of losses, leaks and theft of data can help find the most effective solutions that could be applied to solve the problem of personal data protection in our countr

ВИВЧЕННЯ РІВНЯ ЗНАНЬ І ПРАКТИЧНИХ НАВИЧОК ФАХІВЦІВ ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГІЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ ТА ЇХ ОСВІТНІ ПОТРЕБИ

Purpose: to identify professional and qualification level of  ophthalmologists and their training and information needs.Materials and Methods. Bibliographic, medical-statistical, sociological and informational-analytical methods are used for this study.Results. As a result of the survey conducted among ophthalmologists  (65.2±3.3) per 100 respondents assessed their qualification level as high, (12.4±2.3) – as low and (22.3±2.9) refrained from assessment.Almost half of the respondents attend training courses once in 5 years. Herewith (18.6±2.7) per 100 respondents did it twice and more times a year while  (12.4±2.3) attended training courses less often than once in 5 years. (12.9±2.3)  never attended training courses. The respondents explained such low attendance by impossibility to discontinue job (42.2±3.3), reduced salary for the training period (13.8±2.3), high cost of accommodation and travel (26.6±3.0), high cost of some commercial medical upgrading courses (74.3±3.0).The need in further professional upgrading was confirmed by (75.0±3.0) ophthalmologists per 100 respondents among forms of professional upgrading the ophthalmologists.Conclusions. The obtained results on qualification level of the ophthalmologists, their current informational and training needs are an important prerequisite for developing reliable measures. Мета: визначення рівня кваліфікації лікарів офтальмологічного профілю та їх сучасних інформаційно-освітніх потреб.Матеріали і методи. Використано бібліографічний, соціологічний, медико-статистичний та інформаційно-аналітичний методи.Результати. Високо оцінюють рівень своєї кваліфікації 65,2±3,3 на 100 опитаних фахівці офтальмологічного профілю, низько – 12,4±2,3, утрималися від оцінки 22,3±2,9.Більше половини респондентів відвідували курси підвищення кваліфікації 1 раз на 5 років. При цьому, 18,6±2,7 на 100 опитаних робили це 2 і більше разів на рік, тоді як менше 1 разу на 5 років – 12,4±2,3, а 12,9±2,3 їх взагалі не проходили. Причинами низької частоти підвищення кваліфікації є неможливість відриву від роботи (42,2±3,3 на 100 опитаних), зменшення заробітку на період навчання (13,8±2,3), високу вартість витрат на проживання та дорогу (26,6±3,0), високу вартість деяких форм підвищення кваліфікації на комерційній основі (74,3±3,0).Підтвердили потребу у підвищенні кваліфікації 75,0±3,0 на 100 офтальмологів. Встановлено бажані форми підвищення кваліфікації лікарів офтальмологічного профілю.Висновки. Отримані результати щодо кваліфікації лікарів, їх сучасних інформаційно-освітніх потреб є важливою передумовою обґрунтування заходів з удосконалення надання офтальмологічної допомоги населенню

Century-long Dynamics of Meadow Steppes in the Privolzhskaya Uplands

Information on the structure and dynamics of the zonal Central Russian meadow steppes is presented in terms of the example of the Privolzhskaya forest-steppe state nature reserve (Penza region, Russia). The cenotic diversity of the herbaceous vegetation of the reserve is represented by 91 associations, of which 48 referto steppes and 43 to steppe meadows. It has been revealed that the vegetation of the studied placer sites under the influence of an absolutely reserved regime undergoes mesophyticization and silvatization, which are more intensively manifested in the forest-steppe landscapes of the secondary moraine plains (areas of thePoperechenskaya steppe and Ostrovtsovskaya forest-steppe reserve) than in the eroded denudational plains of forest-steppe landscapes (areas of the Kuncherovskaya steppe and Ostrovtsovskaya forest-steppe reserves). The study of the dynamics of zonal meadow steppes in the Volga Uplands testifies to the inevitability of theirtransformation in modern climatic conditions into meadow, shrubby and even forest communities. Keywords: forest-steppe, meadow steppes, structure, dynamics, succession, reserve, geobotanical mapping, protection of steppe vegetatio

Floristic Phenomena of the Samara Bend: The Fractal Organization of Taxonomic Diversity

Considering the problem of taxonomic diversity as a fractal object is the aim of this article. The prerequisites for such an approach were articles with varying degrees of detail and argumentation that substantiate taxonomic diversity from the standpoint of fractal geometry. Common to these papers is that the authors in their theoretical constructs start from the Willis rule (law) describing the rank distribution of the relationship between the number of taxa and their volume. The flora of the Samara Bend (the bend of the Volga River in its middle reaches) has become an object of the research. The authors distinguish seven basic floristic areas on the Samara Bend, the boundaries of which coincide with the respective landscapes. The authors discuss the efficiency of the Willis rule (law), which approximates the relationship between the number of taxa and their volume by rank distribution. The multifractal spectrum (a generalized geometric image of generic structure) of the taxonomic diversity of vascular plants of the Samara Bend is presented. Keywords: taxonomic diversity, fractal organization, Samara Ben

Alien Species in the Flora of the Middle Volga Region

The article presents information on the diversity and structure of the alien flora of the Middle Volga region on the border between the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the European botanical and geographical province. In the studied area, we identified 440 alien species of plants (24.6% of the total floristic diversity), including 59 invasive and potentially invasive species, the dispersal of which has already caused environmental consequences or could become a threat in the future. According to the degree of naturalization, alien plant species among the regional flora are represented by 146 ephemerophytes (33.2%), 122 colonophytes (27.7%), 151 epecophytes (34.3%) and 21 agriophytes (4.8%). As verified via the main method of skidding, alien species are distributed almost equally – 228 xenophytes (51.8%) and 212 ergasiophygophytes (48.2%). It was revealed that of the 150 species of alien plants, there are only 84 of the most common European species in the Middle Volga region, most of which do not show high cenotic activity. The obtained results actualize the development of a system of ecological and economic assessment of the consequences of introducing alien plant species into regional flora. Keywords: alien plants, invasive species, Middle Volga region, regional flor

Automated Logical-Probabilistic Methodology and Software Tool as Component of the Complex of Methodologies and Software Tools for Evaluation of Reliability and Survivability of Onboard Equipment of Small Satellites

The paper presents solutions for current problems with estimation and analysis of indicators of reliability and survivability in onboard equipment (OE) of small satellites (SS) based on the logical-probabilistic approach to the reliability and survivability estimation of complex systems. There were developed modified logical-probabilistic method and software tool for evaluating the reliability and survivability of OE SS systems. The correctness of suggested method and software tool was shown by computational experiments on some systems of OE SS similar to Belarusian SS, later compared with “Arbitr” software complex results. The software tool was integrated into the complex of methodologies and software tools for evaluation, analysis and prediction of the values of reliability and survivability indicators of OE SS in local desktop and distributed web versions

Automated Logical-Probabilistic Methodology and Software Tool as Component of the Complex of Methodologies and Software Tools for Evaluation of Reliability and Survivability of Onboard Equipment of Small Satellites

The paper presents solutions for current problems with estimation and analysis of indicators of reliability and survivability in onboard equipment (OE) of small satellites (SS) based on the logical-probabilistic approach to the reliability and survivability estimation of complex systems. There were developed modified logical-probabilistic method and software tool for evaluating the reliability and survivability of OE SS systems. The correctness of suggested method and software tool was shown by computational experiments on some systems of OE SS similar to Belarusian SS, later compared with “Arbitr” software complex results. The software tool was integrated into the complex of methodologies and software tools for evaluation, analysis and prediction of the values of reliability and survivability indicators of OE SS in local desktop and distributed web versions.В статье представлен подход к решению задачи анализа и оценки показателей надежности и живучести бортовой аппаратуры маломассогабаритных спутников, основанный на логико-вероятностных моделях. Описана созданная модификация логико-вероятностного метода и реализующий его программный модуль. Верификация предложенного метода и программного средства проведена экспериментально на некоторых узлах бортовой аппаратуры, аналогичной аппаратуре белорусского спутника. Проведен сравнительный анализ с аналогичными оценками программного комплекса «Арбитр». Программный модуль интегрирован в комплекс методологий и программных инструментов для оценки, анализа и прогнозирования значений показателей надежности и живучести бортовой аппаратуры маломассогабаритных спутников и представлен в локальных настольных и распределенных веб-версиях

Analysis of reliability, survivability and telemetry data of on-board equipment of small satellites

In paper we present the solution of relevant problems of estimation, analysis and forecasting the indicators of reliability and survivability of the onboard equipment of small satellites. The solution of the problem of intelligent data analysis of telemetry onboard equipment of small satellites in order to detect the states of its operation and do operability analysis. A set of software tools and techniques for the evaluation and analysis of reliability, survivability and telemetry of small satellites onboard equipment was developed. The developed software tools and techniques are based on the methods and algorithms of reliability theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics, Boolean algebra, machine learning and image processing. The suggested software tools set is implemented in desktop and web versions, and has a flexible service-oriented architecture

The effect of humic substances on test-objects

The complex study of a number of humic substances was conducted with help of bioassay methods using invertebrates (Daphnia, paramecium, earthworms), terrestrial (wheat seeds) and aquatic plants (elodea, duckweed) and algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda). The ranges of concentrations of humates that have a negative and a stimulating effect on biological objects were identified. The efficiency of biological testing methods to evaluate the effect of humic substances on biological objects is shown